1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
各位家长朋友:
大家好!
很抱歉,上周五未能参加家长会。从教二十年,我从未缺席过家长会,因为我知道家长都非常想知道孩子的学习情况。如果不是万不得已,我是不会让大家失望而归的。同时,也感谢群里很多家长的慰问,让我感觉到朋友们的温暖。
期中测试,90分以上24名同学,前五名是史珂欣、梁媛媛、席家辉、李奕皓、惠心翔,看到梁媛媛开心得蹦来跳去我也开心。让我最最欣喜的是曹佳乐,因为拼音底子薄,所以第一题基本全错,但是他认认真真地做完了后面的题目,已经达到70分!全班同学都为他鼓掌!其实,我只和曹佳乐爸爸在送孩子的路上说了一句话:“您有空的话,我想和您谈一谈”。看,我们的家长只要付出了努力,就能收获进步,哪怕是一点点的进步。我们班的字词题,正确率达到90%以上,这都是家长们努力的结果。家长们,每个孩子都是璞玉,每个孩子都有无穷的潜力,每个孩子都能创造传奇。惠心翔则是这次考试中***出的一匹“黑马”,这次考试拔得头筹,让我很惊喜,班级就得这样,有一种争先恐后的学习氛围。
考完试,我们总结教训。原来,这次阅读题就是《资源与学案》期中测评中的,看来学案作业,大家还是要督促他们和进度跟上。
昨天语文课,我狠狠地批评了他们。《李时珍夜宿古寺》中有很多词语不好读,例如晓行夜宿、饥餐渴饮、残垣断壁、呃逆等,很多同学在我检查了五、遍后,举起书问我“这个字读什么?”我很质疑头天晚上的预习,第一条就是把文章读流利,那么这三遍的朗读文章是否落实?您问问自己。预习一贯认真的同学是:王聪、史珂欣、武妍庆、席家辉、赵立辰、崔思倩、李奕皓等等。他们都在书上做了详细的批注。当然,在课堂上他们就会思维活跃,收获就会更多。魏源在课堂上引经据典,今天《维生素c的故事》又介绍了航海家哥伦布,这也是课前预习的全面。
我们的《阳光书香班级》群里现有24位家长,每天可以看到孩子的作业,还能和别的家长做一些交流。这是多好的平台,有条件的家长尽量加入。每次我都不愿意去批评一些家长,总是想以榜样的力量带动他们。可是,就是有一些家长无动于衷,甚至连孩子三天没有写作业全然不知,只是随口一问“你写完了吗?”孩子那边随口一答“写完了”拉倒,这里我想请田佳涵、晋源赢家长注意,你们看看练习册、学案、、预习是否都做了?看看书上的笔记做了多少?生字本上的作业是否认真?孩子在小学阶段,是学习习惯的养成阶段。萨克雷说:“播种一种行为,收获一种习惯;播种一种习惯,收获一种性格;播种一种性格,收获一种命运。”您给孩子播种下了什么?
明天是周末,我们的作业是周记。周二的时候暖气喷水,我和席家辉他们“围追堵截”,制服了“水患”。每年我都会上演这样的情境,我既告诉孩子们给大家服务,班级的事情不能袖手旁观,更让他们把生活中的小事情记录下来。本来就不是一蹴而就的,我们一点点练习,一点点进步,希望明天能看到让人眼睛发亮的作品。
第五单元结束后,我将进行测试,请大家在周末听写第四单元、第五单元的一、二类字,课后词语,周一我会在群里公布正确名单。
孩子的进步,我们共同的努力!
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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