1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
用心专情,富裕乡邻的引路书记 叶明壮
男,43岁,中共党员,黄陂区长轩岭街党工委书记、人大工委主任
坚持做好精准扶贫工作,倾心帮扶困难群众,着力解决贫困户急需,科学制定脱贫计划,他确立了“1+1+X”的脱贫致富的路子。二个“1”,即10个重点贫困村全部实施光伏发电项目,10个重点贫困村发展200-300亩油茶基地;X即各村结合自身资源条件,发展特色产业。他带领村民大力发展乡村休闲游产业,拓宽贫困人口致富渠道,发展壮大村集体经济,促进农民增收。
感言:做精准扶贫工作要真正把贫困户放在心里,我和同事们每人口袋里都装有一张对口扶贫卡,上面记载了对口帮扶户的情况和联系方式,我们可以随时互联。
行善报恩,赤诚于党的`“活雷锋” 肖文智
女,80岁,中共党员,武昌区莲溪寺铁路小区居民(武汉铁路局襄阳机务段退休干部,曾荣获湖北省“湖北好人”光荣称号,2016年获评荆楚楷模。
不忘初心,古稀之年终入党。先后捐款资助家乡、原工作单位困难职工、小区特困户200多户,捐款60余万元,调解民事纠纷、化解邻里矛盾400多起,被小区居民亲切地称为“福星奶奶”、“小区的活雷锋”和“铁路系统的吴天祥”。肖文智一心向党,感恩社会的事迹,赢得了群众广泛好评。
感言:我每年向党交2万元党费,连续7年共交14万元党费,我是一个“80”后,属于我的时间不多了,我要争分夺秒回报党,全力以赴献爱心,不断地把党费交上去。
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