I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
当世界都在喧嚣的时候,你的一个微笑,让我的心立刻安静了下来。我知道,这就是我寻觅的幸福的方向。
——题记
如果我是一个计算缜密的人,我一定会准确的丈量出我们城市之间的距离。可是我在地图上看了又看,比了又比,为什么看似很短的一段路程却让我们相隔的那么的遥远,真的是距离带来的遥远吗?还是遥远带来的距离?
面对着这个纷纷扰扰的尘世,我们有太多的手足无措,太多的欲说还休。只是梦已阑,我可以为你在时光中挖一条最悠长的邃道,将所有的悲欢离合都掩埋在最深的记忆中,只留下一段不悔的年华偷渡到你的窗前,然后悄然绽放。
我总尝试着用最浅显的话语去表达我对你的最绵长的情感,所以我力图删去那些浮华的词句,用最朴素的一种线条去勾勒我们的未来。没有花团锦簇,没有曲折缠绵,就这样静守着岁月赋予我们的那些美好。一如那些淡紫色的花朵,在阳光下早已经完美的怒放过。
只是当雪花飘落的季节里,我的身体终究抵挡不住这一场接一场雪的肆虐,我知道这就是宿命。看着屋檐上的皑皑白雪,红色的瓦砾在无声的流泪,是告别、还是在挽留?佛说:“不能说,一说就破。”所以,我们共同选择了沉默,在白色的时光中沉默如佛,我们是佛的昨天,所以天真。佛是明天的我们,所以慈悲。(中国散文网 www.sanwen.com
“多想和你喝一杯啤酒啊!”只是一句如此简短的话,却让我的眼中一片潮湿。我知道你有多么的想跟我就这样跨越了这一切的遥远,同骑一匹马,仗剑走天涯。然后停留在一个面朝大海的地方,看日升日落,听潮涨潮汐。我们的世界永远定格在只有鸟语花香的季节里,任凭斗转星移,花开花谢,都只是别人的风景。而在我们的风景中,你的微笑,温暖如旭日东升,照亮我的眼眸。顺着这种温暖,我知道我终将找到幸福的方向。
所以我希望你能幸福起来,否则你拿什么来喂饱我渴求幸福的心?所以我希望你能快乐起来,否则你凭借什么让我的悲哀一败涂地?我知道世事无常,人间自有数不尽的沧桑。我也知道爱如烟花璀璨,更要忍受烟花过后的寂寞。我更相信人生中总有一刻会不同寻常,总有一个人会值得珍藏,总有一抹微笑会触到心房。
当时光流转,我们终于有勇气回头看自己走过的那些岁月时,是否可以不留遗憾地告慰记忆深处的那个自我,我们曾经的天真还在;我们曾经的浪漫还在;我们曾经的勇气还在;我们曾经的热情还在。只是现在的我们更增添了一份从容,一份自信,一份岁月积累起来的睿智。我们学会将眼泪交给云朵,让我们的情感如天空一样蔚蓝如洗;我们学会将大海装进心中,让我们的爱像鱼一样的自由自在。
在今天这样一个特别的日子,我知道我还是会一切照旧,在星星还不肯退却的时候就早早的起床去上班,当夜幕降临的时候才姗姗归家。只是我知道即使今夜会有冰霜袭人,广场上还是会有很多的年轻人吧!在那一张张还带着几分稚气的脸上盛开的微笑一定比闪烁的霓虹还要耀眼吧!即使觉得拿着一束玫瑰会很傻的样子,还是会有很多的男孩子捧着玫瑰在寒冷的风中等着自己喜欢的女孩子吧。当那些鲜艳的花儿递到自己所爱的人的手上时,那岂止是一束束的玫瑰,那是一颗颗爱的心啊,从手中一直开在了心中。
只可惜不是所有的玫瑰都会在今夜绽放,所以看见他们幸福我们也会沾染到一些幸福的味道吧!当午夜的烟花如璀璨的星星绽放在清冷的空气中的时候,我们的爱即使无法像烟花一样美到极致也无妨吧!
静静的站在窗前,揽一轮明月,闻一缕花香,以微笑的眼眸注视着北方。我知道你那里总比我要早到风雪,我这里却比你那里要早享有阳光,所以我一定要将我享有的每一寸阳光都采撷下来,注入到我的文字当中,让每一个字都包含阳光的温暖。所以你一定要比我更加的强壮,才可以为我遮挡这肆虐的风霜。
当微风轻轻的舞起漫天的雪花,拂过安静的湖面时,就像看到了那些美好的记忆,瞬间被时光给融化掉。或许不是被融化了,而是与时光一起,让我们用另外一种方式镌刻了下来。
“你还好吗?”
“我很好。你呢?”
“我一直都好。”
想象着多年之后再次相遇会怎么样?是这样浅浅的问一声就够了吗?虽然你一直希望我能幸福,可是从我们初次相识的那一瞬间开始,你就成为了我幸福的坐标。你微笑的样子,即使在寒冷的夜晚,我也会感到有阳光的味道。所以怕冷的孩子,总是喜欢沐浴在温暖的阳光中吧!
我常常拨弄着地球仪,看着它在手中飞快的旋转,脑海中飞掠而过的某些情节,会定格在只有我的心才能找到的地方。我会小心翼翼的用目光一毫米一毫米的丈量着我们之间的距离,唯恐错之毫厘、失之千里。
如果在你我之间,我会选择以你做为幸福的参照,而将那些记忆的泥沙沉淀在自己的心海。如果是爱情,就请以爱情为参照物吧,然后在在每一分钟的横轴上写满思念,在每一秒钟的竖轴上涂满眷念,在似水流年中,我总有一个可以投奔的方向,那就是幸福的方向。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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