—篇文章总是由一层一层的意思、一段一段的内容连缀起来的。由这层意思向另一层意思转换,由这段内容向另一段内容发展,这中间往往谣要过渡。就好比过河,由此岸到彼岸,中间离不开船只和桥梁一样。
那么,文章在什么情况下耑要过渡呢?
1、文章内容发生变化时的过渡。内容发生变化是指时间、地点和琪件的变化。①当记叙的时间发生变化时,需要过渡。②当记叙的地点发生变化时需要过渡。
2、记叙方式发生变化时的过渡。作文的记叙方式多种多样,如为了避免平铺飪叙,采用的倒叙、插叙和补叙;为了叙琪完整全面而采用“总…一分——总”的i己叙方式等。在运用倒叙或插叙、补叙的地方,需要过渡。如人教版九年级语文上册《心声》一文中,李京京读凡卡写给爷爷的信时,回忆起自己小时候在爷爷家时的经历,回忆结束时,作者用一句“后来京京长大了”一句来过渡,使文竞上下文内容紧密地联系在一起。
由总述转分述或由分述转总述的地方也谣要过渡。
例:那是一个落叶满地的秋天。在校运会上,我参加了400米比赛项目,这是我的优势项,第一没有悬念一定是我的。比赛开始,我一路领先,但在最后一个弯道上我的脚扭伤了。脚部的剧痛一下子打蒙了我,我不能赢了,眼泪一下子流了下来。“刘伟,站起来!胜利一定是你的!”看台上响起了班主任亲切的呼唤。我站起来,不再理会脚痛,往前方终点冲去。
啊!老师,我至今还记得您大喊“站起来!”时的神情,那是鼓励与希望。“站起来!”是对自己能力的信任,是为达到目的而努力的动力。
讲析:
段首:那是一个落叶满地的秋天。(这是用写景作过渡,给故事发生设置了一个美的情境。)
中间叙事。
用独立的段落作总结过渡。点明中心,扣紧题目。
首先,应了解读书笔记的类型。读书笔记一般有批注、摘录、提纲、心得等几种。写读书笔记时,可根据写笔记的目的、书的类型及自己的习惯,确定写什么样的读书笔记。
1、批注笔记。即边读边把自己的看法、疑问等或在书上划出表示重点、次重点、疑问等等的符号,或在书的天头、地脑作些评语和注释。这种读书笔记简单易行,但首先得书是自己的,别人的书,不能乱画;即使是自己的书,下批注时也应先多想想:自己的看法对不对?怎么表述才简明,然后才写。因书上的空白处不多,想到就写,写了又感到不合适,那就会把书划得乱七八糟了。
2、摘录笔记。就是将书中的精彩观点、新颖材料及警句等摘抄下来,以备将来选用。(是最简单的一种做读书笔记的方法,即"摘抄法"。所谓摘抄就是读一本书、一篇文章,把其中的一些好的句子和段落摘下来,抄在本子上或卡片上。摘抄的内容要根据自己的需要来定。)这种读书笔记是大量的。做摘抄笔记时,最好让每段摘录自成一段。后面还应写上摘自什么书,多少页,该书的作者是谁,出版者是谁,哪一年出版的,都应写在摘抄的后面,以备将来查验、核对。两段摘录之间留下较大空白,这样做一是使摘录的眉目清楚,二是留下空白便于将来翻阅、运用时可以作批记。
3、提纲笔记。就是将读过的书的中心思想、段落大意、内容要点及写作方法等等,以提纲挈领的方式写出来。
4、心得笔记。就是阅读后,将自己的心得、、感想等写出来。也叫。
5、仿写笔记。即模仿摘录的精彩句子、段落进行仿写,达到学会运用、学以致用。
6、评论笔记。主要是对读物中的人物、事件加以评论,以肯定其思想艺术价值如何。可分为书名、主要内容、评论意见。
7、简缩笔记。为了记住故事梗概,读了一篇较长文章后,抓住主要内容,把它缩写成短文。
不同的读书笔记有不同的作用,可根据实际选择、确定。
其次,不论写什么样的读书笔记,有几点是共同的,也是应注意的。
①必须认真地读懂原作。这是写好读书笔记的前提。提纲笔记、心得笔记要以读懂原作为基础。就是摘抄笔记,也应细读原文。否则,你的摘抄就可能断章取义,就可能抄破了句。
②态度要严肃、认真、细致。严肃是尊重原作,不要有意歪曲原作的意思,更不要为了达到个人目的,故意断章取义;认真,指应该认真阅读,认真分析,力求抓住原作的要点、重点、精彩的地方,不能马虎从事;细致,指摘抄原文后一字一句校对,不能有误差,连原书作者、出版者、出版时间等也要记得详细,不要怕麻烦。因为这时的任何粗心,都会在以后付出更大的`代价。如多少年后,你想引用这段名言,却因没记原作者名字,你想查出名言的出处,那时恐怕连书也找不到了,想用也不好用。如果摘抄时记得细致,就不会有这种麻烦了。
首先,它可以帮助记忆。知识越丰富越好。知识的丰富是由积累而形成的;读了就忘,知识是丰富不起来的。必须记住,读书笔记便是帮助记忆、积累知识的最好途径之一。俗话说:"好记忆不如烂笔头。"就说明记笔记能帮助记忆。
其次,记笔记也是积累知识的一种好方式。古人说:就是说,阅读时必须记笔记,才能积累知识。北宋沈括的《梦溪笔谈》就是一部读书笔记式的作品。
第三,记读书笔记还能帮助提高阅读能力。分析能力,综合归纳的能力以及文字表达能力,是一种手脑并用、阅读和写作结合的综合训练。
从以上三点看,都应重视写读书笔记。
文章的内容是一步步发展的,前边讲过的内容,后边荷必要交代一下》后面要说的内容,前面诟要提一下,这种前后内容的联系叫“照应”。常见的有前后照应,首堪照应和文题照应。
1、前后照应。它是指行文中上下文之间的互相呼唤和照应。有了前后照应,前后内容的联系就会变得紧密,行文就会自然,文章就会结构严谨,脉络畅通。
2、首尾照应。指文窜的开头和结尾互相呼应。或开头交代起因,结尾街知结果;或开头提出问题,结尾Ifll答;或开头flP发悄怀,结尾深化主题。
文题照应。这是指文帘或全篇或部分与标题相照应。题目常常被人们称为文章之眼,作品之窗。题目与正文照应,犹如日月合壁。
本人在参加英语BEC中级考试取得了不错的`成绩,现把我半年来在准备作文时常用到的一些句型推荐给大家,希望对备考英语BEC的网友有所帮助。
第一部分、BEC作文段首句常用句型:
一、对立观点命题形式的首句:
1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A .
2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.
3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.
4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons .
6. In general , I prefer to _____ .
7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ .
8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .
9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .
10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ .
11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently .
12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .
13. When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____ .
14. When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .
15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____ .
二、单一观点式
A . Agree
1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now , it still has its significant realistic value .
2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .
3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .
4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .
5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .
6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.
7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .
8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .
9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .
11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .
12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____ .
13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .
14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .
15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____ .
16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____ .
B . Disagree
1. Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .
2. Recently , we often hear about _____ . But is it ?
3. These days , it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ?
4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.
5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .
6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .
7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .
8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .
9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____ .
10. Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .
11. Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below .
12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .
13. Now , it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .
14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _____ .
15. As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement .
16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .
第二部分、BEC作文常用结尾句:
1. Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that_____ .
2. All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____ .
3. For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____ .
4. While it is true that _____ , I think that _____ .
5. Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____ .
6. This is not to say that _____ . But in terms of _____ , it is _____ .
7. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____ .
8. Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____ .
9. To put all into a nutshell , I _____ .
10. In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because Good stuff! Wonder why there are so few hits.
①说说本文的论证思路。
②说说某段(某几段的论证过程。
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