导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
这个人生在子年,属相是鼠,于是他就把老鼠当成是自己的保护神,万分敬重。他不但自己敬重老鼠,还订下了家规,不准大家消灭老鼠,将老鼠好好保护起来。所以他家里见不到一只猫,仆人们都小心翼翼的,生怕不经意间伤到了老鼠。
这样一来,老鼠在他家有恃无恐,可猖狂了。粮仓里、库房里到处可见成群结队的老鼠大吃大嚼,爱怎么破坏就怎么破坏,根本没人敢管。这还不说,老鼠们四下里奔走相告,说他家里简直是个天堂,每天吃得饱饱的,什么都不用害怕,于是越来越多的老鼠都闻讯搬到这个人家里来。
有了这样严重的.鼠害,这一家子可遭殃了。家里的桌子、凳子、柜子全都被老鼠咬得残缺不全。柜子里面的衣服老鼠也不放过,东一个窟窿西一个洞,没有一件是完整的。食物简直就只能吃从老鼠口里剩下的那一点。到了夜里,老鼠在屋里东奔西跑,上窜下跳,“咯吱咯吱”地啃东西,还叽叽乱叫,弄得全家乱七八糟,吵得人觉也睡不着。白天老鼠都不歇着,跟人一块儿出出进进、来来往往,放肆极了,俨然它们才是这家的主人。 过了几年,这家人因为主人职位调动搬到另一个郡去住了,这屋子换了主人。可是老鼠们丝毫不懂得收敛,还是闹得特别厉害。
新主人又生气又奇怪,跟家人说:“可恨这帮老鼠,本来只应在黑暗中偷偷摸摸地过活,现在竟然如此嚣张,实在可恶,我们应该想办法把它们全都消灭掉!”于是,他们向人家借了好几只凶猛的大花猫,大门紧闭,把出路都用砖瓦堵死,还用水浇灌老鼠洞,又专门雇了些人来帮助捕***老鼠。
老鼠一下遭到了灭顶之灾,死亡不计其数,尸体堆得像座小山。人们把鼠尸扔到偏僻的地方去,臭味过了好几个月才消失。
这些老鼠太不识时务,以为所有的主人都会对它们殷勤备至,实在是大错特错,以致于它们的猖獗终于招来了大祸。做人也是一样的道理,不可因一时的显赫而得意忘形,否则,永州鼠的下场就是明鉴啊!
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
奥斯特洛夫斯基也曾说过:“人的生命似洪水在奔腾,不遇着岛屿和暗焦,难以激起美丽的浪花。”
遇到挫折,我们只要相信了自己,才会有勇气去迎接挑战,才不会在困难和挫折面前打退堂鼓。学会面对挫折,也是生命的一种馈赠,因为人们真正的奋起,往往起于挫折之后。感谢挫折,因为它会给予你很多,感恩生活,因为它真的很美。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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