Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
读同学们的作文,感受最深的是两种情况:一种是“落花流水春去也”,我自飘零水自流,就事论事,空洞议论;一种是“为赋新词强说愁”,情感泛滥,抒情无着。
如果写的人心中没有炽热的感情,却想在作品中表现出什么打动人心的情感,这种可能是是极小的,要想感动别人,就首先要感动自己。但是,就算已经感动了自己,也不见得就能感动别人。这里面就有方法的问题,写作的手法显得尤为重要。
不是少年无情愁,为赋新词强说愁,而是愁在心里人自知,他人何处觅秋风。别人感受不到,那是因为写的人没有很好的表达,无关乎愁深愁浅。
有一首歌这样唱:最近有点烦,有点烦,有点烦。烦确实是烦了,主要是听的人烦了,一句话反复说,不烦才怪。但是,烦的意境有没有出来?没有。也许心绪是有了,感染力却没有,无法给人身临其境的触动。如果连音乐的曲调也没有了,那简直就成了噪音。
这种抒情法是最糟糕的,直抒情意,简单粗暴。写作是表情达意的艺术,不仅要把意思表达清楚明白,还要表达得体有情味,这样的作品才有可读性,才能在考场上拿高分。
“微凉的秋风卷起散落一地的枯叶,然后撒手而去,任凭枯叶化作一只只残蝶,而后绝望地坠。枝头那颤抖的枯叶,终是敌不过风的诱惑,挣脱开母亲的手投向了大地的怀抱。离开了的,终是回不去了吧…… ”这是同学的习作。文字有了情境,给人以画面感,笔端流露出情绪。作者虽然没有直接去抒情,却是有意地表现情意,加上最后一句“离开的了,终是回不去了吧”,便可引出下文的.回忆。
有景有情,有画面,有情境,借情抒情,不得不说,这种抒情法又上升了一个层次。
但是,如果细品,还是会感觉这样的景是被心绪扭曲了的景,并非自然,甚至因为扭曲过分而显出了虚假的成分。
最高级的抒情,是将景和情融为一体,不偏不倚,景中有情,情中有景。秦少游有一首《减字木兰花》:欲见回肠,断尽金炉小篆香。“回肠”是作者内心千回百转的感情,当然是看不见的。但是,作者又要让读者看见,怎么办?他就说了,你想看见我千回百转的感情,就去看看那个金炉中断尽的小篆香。香燃尽了,灰烬掉下来,就像是一个个小篆字一样,柔糜,缠绵,根本分不清谁是谁。
在这句词中,回肠就是小篆香,小篆香就是回肠,也就是物即情,情即物,情物一体。作者秦少游不是将自己的情感投射到燃尽的香灰上,而是将情感融入到其中,给人以丰富的联想和体验。
这是将情比物,还有将物比情的:自在飞花轻似梦,无边丝雨细如愁。如果说将情比物是为了让情感更直观地表现,那么,将物比情就是直接赋予物以人的情感了,飞花轻似梦,便是物我相融,这里的“我”也就不再是一个独立的我,而是一个能与宇宙自然融而为一的无处不在的“我”。
情不再是人的情,也是物的情,情不再是“我”的情,也是你的情,他的情,这样的抒情也就让情感更具有包容性,共情性,也就更能打动读者。
对于有心之人来说,柴米油盐酱醋茶里皆有深情;对于会表达的人来说,信手拈来,便是情感汪洋,可以漫漶整个世界。
这时我看着小小的橡皮,不禁想到:在生活中一样很小的东西,哪怕是一块普通的橡皮,只要我们仔细观察发挥我们的聪明智慧,就能够用好创意改变我们的生活和学习,甚至世界。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
×灵猴弄春百花放,金鸡报晓夺先声。××年,两大公司认真贯彻党的十六大精神,以生产经营为中心,加快步伐,努力向着更高、高强、更实的发展目标迈进,各项工作取得了令人瞩目的成绩。成绩的取得凝聚着你们的心血和汗水,在此,谨向你们表示衷心的`感谢和崇高的敬意!感谢你们为两大公司的发展所做出的贡献,感谢你们为两大公司的成长付出的辛劳。
×新的一年里,希望你们一如既往的支持、帮助我们,原创:围绕着大港油田的持续稳定发展,提出更多、更好的宝贵建议,促进我们两个文明的健康发展。
×看未来,任重道远,更豪情满怀,我们坚信,在你们的关心呵护下,两大公司会将以无限的热情和青春的活力,勤于耕耘,励精图治;以开拓创新、团结奉献的精神孜孜以求、默默工作;以实际行动践行科学发展观,为可持续发展不懈奋斗,做出更大的贡献。
×值此新春之际,向你们,并通过你们向你们的家人表示亲切的慰问!祝你们在新的一年里精神好、身体好,合家欢乐,生活幸福。
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