我的english teacher姓沈,虽然教了我4年英语课,可是到现在我连他的名字还不知道。他也是学校为数不多的男老师之一。他上课很特别,喜欢在课余时间给我们讲讲与上课内容有关的笑话。
如一次,我们正好学了“害虫”这个英语单词,课后,他就给我们讲了一个笑话:“从前有一只害虫,一天,它上英语课回来,正想向同伴炫耀炫耀,一个人走过来看见他,大叫了一声:‘害虫’!那个害虫也回了他一句:hi!那个人转身回家,拿了一瓶***虫剂来,对着害虫喷。害虫挣扎着,这时,他的同伴走过来,看到了挣扎中的害虫,便问:‘怎么了?’这只害虫答:‘我真不明白,为什么人向我打招呼,还要置我于死地?’同伴问:‘人向你打招呼?怎么打招呼的?’‘hi,虫!……(害虫)’说完,便晕死过去。”我们听后大笑了好一阵子!
还记得一次,我们的沈老师在上课空隙给我们讲笑话时,一不小心用错了词,同学们“好心”地提醒他,而他却笑了笑,一脸不以为然,并且“赏”给我们一个大白眼,说道:“我的地盘,我作主。”老师说的这句话把我们逗笑了,课堂气氛也不闷了。
还有一次,有一个同学正在写老师在课堂留下的英语作业,本来书上是这么写“sheep”的,但是老师要求在前面加上“some”,这样一来,“一只羊”就成了“一些羊”。这位同学运用老师教他的知识,前面有“some”的`词语后面都要加上一个“s”,于是他也在“sheep”的后面加上了一个“s”。老师看到后,就指着这本子上的这个单词,说:“羊的后面是不能加‘s’。因为羊是不能死(s)的!”我们都笑出了声来。接着老师为了加深我们的印象,又跟我们说了一个神话传说——“传说,羊是魔鬼造出来抵抗上帝造出来的狼的,so,羊是不会,也是不能‘s’的!”从那以后,我们写的“sheep”再也没有“s”过了。
关于我们沈老师在课堂上的趣事儿还有很多,每一件讲出来都能令现在的我们哈哈大笑。
My friend Vivi is a lively and smart girl,she has long black hair and she is a tallest girl in our class.She is warm-hearted and good- looking so that everyone loves her.I'm so glad to make friend with her.I'm out-going too,so we have been good friends for long time.But sometimes I like quiet but she doesn't.And her marks are not good as me.So,i suggested her that she should work-hard in her study so that we can go to the same university. This person is my best friend Vivi who i can tell everything to.Like my deeply feelings and thoughts.
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
人物的内心世界是很丰富的,心理描写就是要充分揭示出人物内心的喜、怒、哀、乐、爱慕、思念、苦闷、痛苦、怨恨、惊恐、嫉妒等等。常见的心理描写方式有内心独白、思忆联想、梦境幻觉等。
但不是每篇文章都适合出现心理活动的,我们在写心理活动的时候应该注意:
1.应写特定的人物在特定的环境中才会产生的心理活动。比如《卖炭翁》中有一句,“可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。”本来寒冷的冬天,卖炭翁纵然身上衣衫单薄,为了卖炭只能希望天更冷一些。这里的“愿天寒”就是一个生动的例子。
2.要努力写人物细微的感情波澜和复杂的心理变化过程。例如高尔基的《母亲》最后一章,作者就细致入微地写出了尼洛夫娜发现暗探时一刹那的动摇、害怕,以及内心冲突,直到坚定、沉着。
我叫吴x,今年11岁,我生日是xxxx年6月13日,我体重大约45公斤,住在xxxxxxxxxxx816室,在xxxx二小学四三班上学。
My name is Wu X. Im 11 years old this year. My birthday is June 13, XXXX. I weigh about 45 kg. I live in room xxxxxxx16 and go to class 4 and 3 of XXXX second primary school.
我英语特别好,连续3次英语知识竞赛都是一等奖,作业不用家长操心,除了不会的题目要家长教我一下,我数学还行,语文就有点差了。
My English is very good. I won the first prize in three English knowledge contests in a row. I dont need parents to worry about my homework. I need parents to teach me the problems I dont know. I am good at mathematics, and my Chinese is a little poor.
我喜欢游泳,一次能游80米了。我也喜欢玩游戏,一般来说,我喜欢会说话的汤姆猫,巴士驾驶员等等,玩的可好了!
I like swimming. I can swim 80 meters at a time. I also like playing games. Generally speaking, I like talking tom cat, bus driver and so on. Good play!
我在学蛙泳,游泳好友有这些:顾文涛、李晗等等,他们是我的游泳好友。
I am learning breaststroke. My swimming friends include Gu Wentao, Li Han, etc. they are my swimming friends.
人物的肖像主要指人物的外貌,包括人物的容貌、服饰、姿态和神情等等。肖像描写可以写人物的静态,也可以写人物的动态。肖像描要注意两点:
一、肖像描写不是说把一个人,从眼睛写到鼻子,从鼻子写到嘴巴,从嘴巴写到耳朵,从耳朵写到头发,从脸写到身材。通常我们只是选取这个人的外表上一个最最鲜明的部分进行特写,比如说,写眼睛,按鲁迅的话说,是要“画眼睛”。“画眼睛”是写人物肖像的关键。他在《祝福》中14次写到祥林嫂的眼睛,而每一次眼神的变化,都透露出人物当时的心理和性格的变化。我们不是说都要写眼睛,而是说鲁迅用了“画”这个字,强调对人物外貌最具有特征的部分的特写,通常写人的外表都是为了表现人物的性格服务的。鲁迅写祥林嫂是“画眼睛”,但也写了祥林嫂“花白的头发”以表现其悲惨的命运;写闰土,在写眼睛的同时,重点写到闰土的手:“那手也不是我所记得的红活圆实的手,却是又粗又笨而且开裂,像是松树皮了。”反映了闰土生活的艰辛和痛苦。
二、肖像描写切忌公式化、脸谱化。一般情况下,“人如其面”。然而人的内心与外貌并不总是一致的,外表漂亮不一定心灵就美。通常外表和人物性格的反差可以给读者留下更深刻的印象。比如《牛虻》中的中年牛虻,他的腿瘸了,面部丑陋,有刀痕,却是高大的善良的有爱心的形象。又比如《红楼梦》中的王熙风,她生得美丽俊俏,却心狠手辣。
答:写人的文章,必须抓住所要写的人物的特点,具体描写他的外貌、行动、语言和心理活动,使笔下的人物栩栩如生,形象感人。
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