1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
新的一学期又开始了,亲爱的同学们也将步入紧张而充实的初三最后一学期的生活。初三是一个神秘的名词,它又是三年学习中终期的一个代名词。人生的道路虽然很长,但关键的往往却只有几步,而初三就是这关键几步中的第一步。我们只有迈好这一步,才能顺利通往人生的顶点。同学们,初三是机遇,初三是挑战,初三这座大山就横在我们面前。为此,我们只能选择拼搏,不能后退!寒窗九载,只剩最后一搏,同学们,再加一把劲,每天进步一点点,那就是成功,只要不放弃追求,就永远不会被打败!
一次次的打击让我愈战愈勇,一次次的失败让我懂得:梦,就在前方。
——题记
窗外,白雪茫茫,让我那颗躁动不安的心终于安分下来,也终于让那画满红叉的试卷映入眼帘,不由得,双眼模糊了起来,好似昨日重现......
“看,那不是X班的XXX吗,她怎么在哪儿蹲的呢?”“哎,还不是因为考倒数没脸见人了,走走走,别看她了,刚出门就碰见她,真晦气。”
耳畔传来几声讥笑,我不由得抬头张望,只见两个刺眼的身影朝我指指点点,心想,她们是在说我吗,再看看四周,寂静的只有自己的影子陪伴,是啊,她们是在笑我,笑我无论怎么努力也只有给小组拉后腿的份,无论怎么努力也只是原地不动......
我艰难的站了起来,抖了抖身上的积雪,缓缓地向教室走去......
回到座位,我看到考试前好友送的.小便条——“也许你无法拥有深邃的蓝天,但是你可以做飘逸的白云;也许你无法拥有浩瀚的大海,但是你可以做清幽的小溪;也许你无法拥有最好的成绩,但是你可以做最优秀的学生。因此,即使你是棵小草,一棵永远长不成苍天大树的草,但你要做最绿最坚强的小草;即使你是一滴水,一滴永远不会奔腾的水,但你要成为水中最纯的那一滴。”
是啊,就算全世界都否定我,我也要坚持我自己,相信自己是可以的。纵使我不聪明,每次只能给小组拉分,那又何妨,只要我努力,只要我不放弃自己,不否定自己,我也会进步,我也会慢慢蜕变的。
即使我会为自己的选择一千次的摔倒,我也会一千零一次的爬起,因为我的梦想还没有实现,因为我的诺言还没有兑现。
梦,并没有结束。
——后记
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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