导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
第二天早晨,我们在岸边等船,当我迫不及待想荡舟西湖,踮起脚向湖心观望时,游船又偏偏姗姗来迟。真使我焦急不安啊。可这时富有魅力的西湖景色把我深深地吸引过去了。这天是阴天,围绕西湖的树木在浓雾中隐约可见。远处的山都被雾气吞没了,只露出个山头。平静的湖面白茫茫的,和苍茫的天空连成了一片,难分难辨。我此时才到“若把西湖比西子,浓妆淡抹总相宜”的诗句写得实在恰到好处。我正被这景色迷住的时候,一艘船悄悄地靠岸了。我们兴冲冲地登上了船,机船开足马力向“三潭印月”驶去。平静的湖面激起了欢乐的浪花,我那颗欢乐的`心也随着浪花不停地跳动。
船靠岸了,我们登岸走上了岛上的九曲桥,扶着朱红色的桥栏,边走边饱览景色。“三潭印月”岛里还有湖,真是湖中有岛,岛中有湖。湖中红鲤鱼快乐地在水草丛中追逐游戏,人们投食取乐,可真是鱼乐人也乐。沿着九曲桥走一小会儿,便看见了题有“曲径通幽”的洞门,两侧的花墙,上面雕刻着奇花异草,珍禽异兽:两只凤凰张着嘴在对唱;各种石花像真的一样,栩栩如生,争相吐艳。在九曲桥旁的湖中矗立着一座大假山。它就是享有盛名的九狮石。人说它有九个狮头,我很感兴趣地找起来,果真找到一个狮头,嘴里还含着“宝珠”,还找到几只在格斗的小狮。石头顶上的黄色草蓬,像雄狮头上的黄毛。它是那样的威武,确有山中之王的架式。
九曲桥末端是“御碑亭”,亭子正中是一块石碑,碑上刻写的是乾隆皇帝的题词:三潭印月。绕过石碑,就看见湖心葫芦形的三个潭。三个潭形成三角形,亭亭玉立在湖面。据说在中秋节夜晚,潭上每个圆洞都可以看见明月,因此被人们誉名为“三潭印月”。可惜现在不是中秋之夜,不然我可以大饱眼福了。
曲折蜿蜒的九曲桥、有棱角的九狮石、精雕细刻的花墙和葫芦形的三潭是谁的杰作呢?是古代劳动人民,是辛勤的园林工人。我很想在石碑上找到他们的名字,可白费了心思。他们用智慧和心血创造了这些杰作,给人们以美的享受。他们的心灵真像假山旁的鲜花那么美,可又都是默默无闻的无名英雄。我心里十分感谢和钦佩他们。
船慢慢离去,“三潭印月”渐渐模糊了,可她那美丽的姿态却深深地印在我的脑海里。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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