how time flies,unconsciouslthe next winter vacation will soon come.in order to improve myself awell aenjoa happholiday,i made the winter vacation plan.
firstli want to continue with mstudy,i think studia life process,so no matter what the situation i am in,i will look for chanceto continue it.i have bought several new book,including those bookon mmajor(专业and some novel,i will trto finish reading them in the holidaand write notes. j
secondly,since it ithe holiday,i will share it with mfamiland friend.you know the spring festival will soon come, i believe i would chatting and plagamewith mfriendand famil.i think i will enjothe vacation.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
临考的前两天,我去参加了考前冲刺班,看着一道道难题,我不禁觉得有些沮丧:考试如果考这么难的题,我做不出来可怎么办啊……妈妈和爸爸的态度截然不同:妈妈是那个跟我一块着急的人,是那个火急火燎的上网找题并努力钻研讲给我听的人;而爸爸则是那个若无其事的人,那个劝我不要熬夜复习,早点睡觉的人。爸爸认为:“功夫要提前下,都临考前一天了,应该多休息会儿,考试时保持一个好状态更重要。”都这关键时刻了,我该听谁的呢?我想了想:“还没开始考试呢,犯不着今天就那么沮丧,关键是明天好好考。”于是,我看了几道题,洗了洗就早早休息了。
紧张兴奋的一天终于来临了,我站在考生中间,跟着他们“***气腾腾”地冲向考场。“镇定,镇定……”我努力地让自己狂跳的的心平静下来,可还是七上八下的。 “叮——”这铃声不知怎么大得吓人,考试开始了。第一场考的是语文,可是我这个马大哈在第一关就掉了链子。试后,同学们议论纷纷,我也过去旁听,当我的好朋友问我:“你看试卷上的答题区是不是印歪了?”的\'时候,我立刻就懵了。选择题没写在答题卡上!哎呀呀,那选择题要是很难就算了,可是那偏偏是几道挺简单的题!要知道,选择题可是占二十分的啊!完蛋了完蛋了,刚刚建立起来的自信心又被击垮了。天性乐观的我转念一想,不行,这可是关键的时候,不能丧失信心。语文已经白白丢了很多分了,数学一定要好好考,一定要把那二十分给捡回来!我又重新找回了自信和勇气,我要把刚刚的打击和压力化为下一轮“战役”的动力。
“数学大战”开始了,开始还算一路顺风,可是当我一路过关斩将“***”到最后一关时,一道行程问题拦住了我。我都想到“山穷水尽”了也没想出来到底该怎么解决它,万般无奈下只写了一个“解:设…”交卷的铃声就响了,我只能乖乖地“缴枪”停笔。
“死伤惨重”之后,等待我们的是“敌军”的王牌部队“英语大将”------据说是“小外”最难的考试。一道道让人头晕目眩的排序题之后,是凶猛的“阅读大军”,最艰难的一场战役开始了!好在我是有备而来,平时课外班的大量练习练就了良好的基本功。兵来将挡,水来土掩,没有把握的题靠语感“蒙”,呵呵!精神高度紧张中时间过得飞快,考试结束的铃声响了,我恰好完成最后一道题。最后一仗好像打得最漂亮,走下考场的感觉难以言表。
直到听到了进入面试的消息后,我的心情才放松下来。所以面试就轻松许多了,我终于如愿以偿拿到了心仪已久的“小外”的入学通知书。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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