1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
中国,一片屹立于世界东方的神圣土地;中华民族,一个生息繁衍在这神圣土地上的伟大民族。自古以来,我们中国人以地大物博与山川壮丽而自豪,以古老的文明与灿烂的文化而骄傲。因为这资源的富饶,因为这山川的壮丽,因为这文化的灿烂,更因为身为龙的传人与生俱来的情感,我们发自内心、源于真情地赞叹---我爱中国!
“生命在于运动”是法国著名思想家伏尔泰的名言,这句话已得到千千万万人的共识。“幸福的基础是健康的身体!”关爱自己的身体,关心自己的健康,这不仅是对自己负责,更是对国家应尽的义务。保持健康的身体,离不开运动。生命在于运动,运动在于锻炼,锻炼贵在坚持,坚持换来健康,健康才是幸福,才可以更好的热爱祖国。
热爱运动坚持锻炼的人是心胸开阔的人。科学研究表明,人经常从事体育锻炼可以变的开朗活泼,与人交往的能力也会有所增加,在人群中也会收到更多的人的关注与喜爱。现在,我们的学习生活每天的节奏很紧张,除过学习之外网络、电视又侵占了我们的课余时间。如果每天不进行必要的锻炼,思想、大脑长期处于紧张疲惫之中,人很容易患上表情冷漠症、抑郁症等各种各样的心理疾病。积极参加体育锻炼,在不断的锻炼中,人充分接触自热,接触人群,会逐渐感受到来自大自然的无限趣味,开阔自己的心胸,陶冶自己的情操,做一个身心健康、倍受欢迎的人。
热爱运动坚持锻炼的人是幸福美满的人。我们生活在新中国,我们每天都感受到来自祖国方方面面的变化,感受到生活给我们的甜蜜与幸福。很多孩子也早就给自己的未来绘就了蓝图,也已经为自己的未来在做着不懈的努力。他们争分夺秒的与时间赛跑,扎实的规划好自己的每一天。可是,很多孩子也因此忽略了自己的身体健康,认为锻炼身体是在浪费时间,不肯把自己的宝贵的时间用在锻炼身体上,这是非常错误的观点。古时候就有:“磨刀不误砍柴工”的说法;伟大领袖***也说过:“身体是革命的本钱”;现在网络上又流行一种新的说法:“一个人要成功,首先得要自己行,接着得要有人说你行,最后自己必须身体行,你才真的能行!”由此可见,锻炼身体是享受幸福人生的关键与基础。
总而言之,生命需要运动。运动,带给我们活力,带给我们快乐;运动,赋予我们勇敢,赋予我们力量。运动让生命之树常青,运动让成功之路通畅!
同学们,“良药苦口利于病,忠言逆耳利于行”。作为祖国未来的接班人,我们一定要多多锻炼身体,让自己拥有一个健康强壮的身体吧!
在寒假中,体育锻炼也非常重要,它可以增强我们身体的抵抗力,对身体有很大的好处。
最近,体育老师也发来了体育锻炼的项目,让我们每天都要有在家里锻炼身体的时间。其实我并没有每天坚持锻炼,但看到体育老师发过来的体育项目表时,我心中才醒悟了,那项目表上面有:跳绳练习、拳套练习等。我再一想自己平时体育锻炼的程度,我就想利用这几天的时间,把以前没有做到的体育锻炼补回来。
就在今天晚上吃饭前,我拿起了跳绳,甩了起来,双腿就不由自主的跟着跳了起来。一个、两个、三个,越来越快,有时候因为手脚不协调,还会五次三番的被绊住,有时身体劳累或分散了注意力而停顿,我顿时感觉自己因为没有坚持练习,手足都有些生疏了。但是,我越练越好,又过了一会儿,我准备停下歇息,又感觉到大腿处肌肉有些疼痛,后来才知道是因为体育锻炼肌肉起了反应,坚持锻炼几天就会恢复的。
之所以大腿肌肉会起这种作用,就是因为平时缺乏锻炼的事,经过这件事儿,我终于了解到了体育锻炼的重要性,只有多锻炼,多喝水,才会有强健的体魄。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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