有的材料在叙述、说明或评论某个事物时,明显地流露出作者的情感倾向,这样我们可从材料的情感倾向入手来审题立意。
当断臂的维纳斯展示在人们面前时,吸引了无数好事之徒趋之若鹜。他们提出种种接上断臂的奇思妙想。维纳斯失去的手臂就如同一个充满诱惑力的圈套。但迄今为止仍未有任何设计能取得普遍的赞赏。
材料中的情感倾向十分明显。“好事之徒”、“趋之若鹜”等词贬斥之情溢于言表。对想接上断臂的做法持否定态度,对断臂维纳斯持赞赏态度。据此可立意为:应顺其自然,不能把自己的观点强加于人。如果不注意分析情感倾向,立意为:坚持就是胜利或攻书莫畏难就明显偏离题意。
The Role of Mobile Phone in People's Communication
The popularity of smartphones has exerted great influence on the way people communicate, so much so that an increasing number of individuals contend that face-to-face communication is being replaced by texts and images on the mobile phone.
There are more than one angle to consider this phenomenon. On one hand, it is pleasantly acknowledged that smartphones shorten the distance between families and friends. Even people from different sides of the globe can share pictures, feelings and thoughts through various types of apps on the phone, thus building a long-distance connection. On the other hand, as the picture warns us, too much smartphone addiction interferes with people's real-life communication. Statistics show that over 70 percent of face-to-face communication consists of facial expressions and body language, which is why people should stay away from mobile phones when they have the chance to actually talk and communicate with others.
In a word, mobile phones act as an appropriate platform where people can always stay in tough however long the distance is, but a wise man should know when to put down his phone.
生甲:写的是元宵节热闹非凡:狮子、龙灯、叫人目不暇接。
生乙:写元宵节与众不同,有一种风俗叫赶毛狗。就是用柞树或杉树枝堆放在每间房中,点火烧得噼噼啪啪响。然后全家老少高喊su——su,说是把毛狗赶走。
生丙:写元宵的别具一格,那古老的风俗,就是赶毛狗。爷爷奶奶最虔诚,爸妈只是走过场,而小孩则是看稀奇。突然,狮子龙灯过来了,小孩先跑了。而后,电灯亮起来,电视里的元宵晚会开始了,爸妈偷偷溜走。最后只有爷爷奶奶有气无力的声音在锣鼓声、鞭炮声、歌声中时断时续你认为谁的立意好?
[点拨]生甲赞颂元宵节的热闹,立意当然正确,但非常平面化;生乙写了一种民俗,似乎也不精彩;生丙将甲、乙的内容进行整合,文章的立意一下深刻了许多:现代文明正无情地冲击着古老习俗的防线,青山遮不住,毕竟东流去呵!
任何事物都是相互联系的。事物间的关系主要有依存关系(如学与问、主次关系(如奉献与索取、取舍关系(如自卑与自强和条件关系(如继承与创新等。辨明这些关系,有利于立意构思。如:
美国阿拉斯加州涅利斯自然保护区内,曾发生过引狼逐鹿的.故事。原先人们为了保护鹿而把当地的狼消灭了,于是,鹿没有了天敌,终日无忧无虑地饱食于林中。十几年后,鹿群由四百只发展到四万只。然而鹿的体态愚笨,失去了昔日的灵秀,植物也因鹿的迅速繁殖和践踏而凋零了。鹿由于缺乏充分的食物以及安逸少动所带来的体质衰弱而大批死亡。于是人们再次把狼请进来,鹿又奋力奔跑了,保护区恢复了昔日的勃勃生机。
从材料中看,鹿和狼的关系,鹿和周围环境的关系,是相互依存的关系。只有狼和鹿共处,相克相生,才能保证它们不失本性,维持自然界的生态平衡。据此可立意为:生态平衡是自然界的规律,人类亦如此,自然规律不可违。从鹿和周围自然生活环境的关系看,鹿没有了狼这样的天敌,生活太安逸、舒适,于是体态愚笨;后来又有了狼的介入,鹿因躲避狼的捕食而奋力奔跑,终于又恢复了生机。可见生于忧患,死于安乐。
总之,根据材料写作文,审题立意,不能偏离材料自行确定立意,而要全面仔细地阅读材料,从材料出发选择立意的角度。上面的几种方法不是孤立运用,而是相互联系、综合使用的。每则材料都可从多个角度分析立意,然后再选择构思作文。
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