1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
我看到这样一则引人深思的漫画:第一幅图中一个满脸笑意的孩子拿着一张100分的卷子,颊上是他父母鼓励的唇 印,与之形成鲜明对比的另一个拿着一张55分卷子的孩子,他愁苦的脸上巴掌印触目惊心;而第二幅图中,那个曾考100分的孩子只考了98分,脸上也因此添 了一道巴掌印,另一个孩子却因为这次考了61分而获得了父母的吻。
这则漫画反映了如今家长对孩子成绩过于关注的现状“一个孩子无论成绩好坏,退步了就打,进步了就夸,仿佛那白卷 子上鲜红的数字就是衡量他的唯一标准,仿佛那冷冰冰的成绩就是孩子的一切,我理解父母们望子成龙、望女成凤的心态,但我认为,他们这种过度关注孩子成绩的 “唯成绩”主义不利于孩子的健康发展。
私以为,如今的孩子已不及昔日的孩子快乐,而越来越大的学业压力是一个极重要的原因。家长们将太多的期望寄予孩 子,他们严苛的要求成了残酷的枷锁,将孩子牢牢捆绑在童年那绚丽的梦境之外。我知道很多孩子,他们一考不好就担惊受怕,生怕回到家里会经受父母“狂风暴 雨”的洗礼。他们一想到就不寒而栗。他们的快乐童年已支离破碎,从来就只存在于记忆中遥不可及的一隅。的确,他们都是漫画中的孩子,无论55分还是 98分,只要未到标准,便被家长呵斥。笔者曾听过这样一句话:“你折断了我的翅膀,却怪我不会飞翔。”漫画中的家长用他们对“分”的严厉要求折断了孩子的 翅膀,当“分”真正成为了孩子的“命根”,孩子早已失去了自由翱翔的能力。
然而,事实证明,分数的确不是评价孩子的唯一标准,善良、勇敢、责任心等等,也许是比智力更聪明更为宝贵的品 质。同样,分数的高低并不一定代表着孩子以后的成就大小。中学时成绩平平的马云,却成为了今日的互联网大亨;科举屡屡不中的柳永,却在“浅斟低唱”中为后 人留下了凄婉动人的词句。
所以,笔者恳请家长们,别让自己的孩子成为漫画中的孩子,别让他们在分数中迷失自己,希望家长们除了关注孩子的成绩,也要关注他们的其他方面,让他们均衡、全面、快乐地成长。
要知道,一个孩子无论考了55分、61分、98分、还是100分,都值得他的父母,在他脸上留下爱的一吻。但愿漫画中孩子的不幸更少地在我们身边的孩子身上复制!
点评:
一、观点鲜明,有重点有分寸。
文章的开头,用了占全文不足六分之一的篇幅,全面、准确地介绍漫画内容,为中心论点的阐述、展开打下坚实的基 础。接着,扼要点明了对漫画寓意的理解,提出“‘唯成绩’主义不利于孩子的健康成长”的见解,文章由此展开。从题目到文中多处的论述可以看出,作者并未像 相当多的考生那样,片面否定分数的重要性,而是在立场鲜明的同时,做到讲分寸、有弹性,彰显了作者深刻的思辨能力。
二、内容详实,有感情有层次。
本文与众不同之处,是能够用饱含情感的笔触,阐述“如今的孩子已不及昔日的孩子快乐”的现象并分析原因,议论 文中具有本文这种能感动读者的文段的,实不多见。“你折断了我的翅膀,却怪我不会飞翔”的语句令人动容、引人深思。文章就此从“就事论事”的层次进入“因 事说理”的层次,提出“分数”之外“善良、勇敢、责任心”等评价标准;进一步提出“分数的高低并不一定代表着孩子以后成就的大小”,举例虽少,但极为典型 有说服力。
文章结尾表达期望,点到即止,有荡气回肠之感。
当然,本文也有三点可以提高的地方:
1.“笔者”“我”“私(以为”统一为“我”比较好;2.第三段行文不够简洁,条理性不够强;3.仅举马云、柳永两个例子略显单薄。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
您好!
不知不觉中,一年半的时间很快就过去了,和你分离的时间已经来了。教室里似乎仍回荡着她那清脆洪亮的声音,同学们似乎仍感受到他那严格中的慈爱。我们,在您的搀扶下,跨上了奔驰的.骏马。
小小的粉笔就是你的双手,上课的铃声就是你征程上的冲锋号角。为了我们您废寝忘食,为了我们您鞠躬尽瘁,您无怨无悔,心甘情愿!多少个日日夜夜你无眠,多少回风风雨雨你闯过。一路的酸甜苦辣,一路的欢声笑语,您与我们一起渡过,我们的一声感激会让你甜蜜永久。您像蜡烛一样,燃烧自己,照亮别人。俗话说的好:“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。老师是人类灵魂的工程师。”我喜欢看你为我们而高兴的样子,也喜欢看你为我们而激动的样子,个喜欢看你为我们而生气的样子,无论什么样子的你总是如此惹我喜爱。现在,我不仅会尊敬你,而且会把你看做我的好朋友,有福同享,有难同当。回想起以前:刚来这里,我们自我介绍,然后你上课使得喜怒哀乐我全都记得。虽然只有一年半,但我们相识相知,虽然只有一年半,但我们情深意长,我真有点舍不得。是您让我考100分,是您给我当英语科代表的机会,是您让我跨上了奔驰的骏马。您尽职尽责,铁面无私,作为组长也应该这样,我要向你学习。
总之,千言万语道不尽,就让他化为一句话:“老师,我爱您;老师,您辛苦了!”希望你以后可以回来看看我们,我们班的活动也要来参加哦,同学们的精彩表演在等着你呢!
此致
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