国庆假期,面对如山的作业,我欲哭无泪:“这还要不要人活了吗?”山一样的作业一来我总是要抱怨一番,然后突然想到必做无遗才苦着脸,开始做作业。
一个个英文字母都变成了一个个歪嘴的妖精。一条条数学公式总想把我吞了似的,一段段作文素材也跳出来捣乱,我感慨,人生苦短,唯有学习最累,但自从昨天的事发生之后,我再也不这么说了。
爸爸妈妈做卤菜,生意,一年365天没有一天安歇,昨天可真是难得啊!爸爸妈妈决定庆祝国庆节,出去转一天。
最后一站,我们去了钟楼区的华林菜场。原以为是进去买菜的,没想到爸爸妈妈是去与同一行业的阿姨唠嗑的。我的心里有些不高兴:不是说好了玩吗,怎么又聊起天了?爸爸妈妈坐在那儿,仿佛有一个世纪那么长久。正当我打起盹时,无意中听到这样一句话:\"生意越来越不好做啦,只有努力挣钱供孩子读书。\"什么!我猛然清醒,爸爸妈妈这么辛苦究竟是为谁?不就是为我和妹妹吗?难得放假一天,却愿意花时间与别人唠家常,向别人取经。爸爸妈妈是应该有个敞开心扉放松的时间啊!他们要做的事很多,他们的压力也很大呀!想起自己说作业让自己压力很大,不禁惭愧极啦!
父母的压力那么大,他们却苦撑着,相比之下,学习又算的了什么呢?怪不得很多人长大都说:学习真是人生中最轻松不过的事了!
望着父母日渐疲惫的双眼,我不禁暗下决心:喷泉之所以美丽,是因为水有了压力。瀑布之所以壮观,是因为水有了落差。漫漫人生路就是永远充满挑战的!忙碌的人生,如歌的岁月,构成了人生中最美的篇章。那么,就让我顶住压力,迎接金灿灿的硕果吧!
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
朋友们,你见过人生压力吗?你可别小看它,它可以使一个即将成功的人变成一无所有,也可以把一个好学生变倒数啊!我有过一次经历,那是五年级时。那时成绩平平,没有突出表现,常常被人落书数,那时我发誓,一定要跟到十名以上。每天晚上,朋友们出去玩时,我正在苦力读书,做习题、读书、背书,十分努力,有几次想放弃,但我想到我那坚定的誓言,又下定决心。终于,我的付出有了回报,连续七次考试都得了满分,这是一个惊人的成绩,因为在短时间内能提高到全班第一名,这几乎是不可能,但是,我,做到了。但随着进步,麻烦也来凑凑热闹。同学们认为我作弊。天啊!就是再无道理的人也说不出这种话来,但是他们又没见到我刻苦学习的时候,真是哑吧吃黄莲———有苦说不出。我知道,这就是嫉妒,可能下次不会出现这种现象。在期末,又一次发挥真实水平———全年级第一。但是同学还是说作弊,我失落了,再也不想要第一了。
第二个学期成绩一落千丈,每天得过且过,并不想进步。老师也不明白这是为什么,许多次找我谈心都无经于事。妈妈知道了,语重心长得对我说:\"儿子,假如你到了社会没有信心战胜嫉妒,那么你就会被社会淘汰掉,有许多事是你是澄清不了的,只要你那出自己的正真的本事就行了,其他的你别管。\"我知道了,再拿出自己的真本事,谣言不管而散了,我要\"东山再起\"又一次,闯过了信心关拿下了第一名,谣言又起,但是我不去理会它,依然我行我速。
人生压力,只要你不去理会它太多,努力做你应该作的事,那么它也不会来了。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
压力是一把双刃剑。因为它,有的人可能就毁了自己的一生,但也有人因为它反而成就了自己的一生。
有些压力是来自于自己的。有时自己一些消极的心理暗示,会把事情越想越坏,或者是自己给自己加重负担,都会在无形之间给自己带来沉重的压力。往往这种压力是最可怕的。但如果适当的给自己一些积极的心理暗示,拥有乐观向上的心态,压力就会转变为动力。
有些压力是来自于家庭的。有的家长对自己儿女的那种望子成龙、望女成凤的想法和期望,有的家长对孩子的殴打辱骂,还有其他的家庭暴力都会让孩子拥有沉重的\'负担。有的孩子认为自己没有完成家长的要求或是没有达到家长规定的目标,心里就会很压抑。但如果能正确对待家长给自己的某些压力,就很有可能会因此成就自己的一生。
压力还有可能是来自于其他方面的。它的影响可能会比泰山还重,可能会比鸿毛还轻,但这些都不重要,最重要的还是自己是怎样去对待它的。
如果臣服于压力或是被压力击败的话,人生可能就会变得黑暗,会感觉自己的前途非常渺茫。严重的会患上抑郁症甚至会因为承受不了压力而自***。但如果能正确对待压力,把压力当做驱使自己前进的一种动力,就会在事业上取得很大的成就。
当我们感觉自己压力过重时就要去适当的放松一下。比如听听歌,画会画,去看电影,去跟朋友逛街,和去晒晒太阳,这些都是释放压力的好方式。释放了过重的压力,我们才能更好的学习、工作与生活。
其实压力并不可怕,可怕的是自己对压力的恐惧的那种心理。只要能正确对待压力,能很好的释放压力,我相信我们的前途一定会一片光明。
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