1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
12月7日—18日(后延期至19日,《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第15次会议在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开。大会集中商讨了《京都议定书》(《京都议定书》是1997年12月在日本京都由《联合国气候变化框架公约》参加国三次会议制定的。其目标是“将大气中的温室气体含量稳定在一个适当的水平,进而防止剧烈的气候改变,特别是气候变暖对人类造成伤害”。根据会议共识,导致世界气候不断上升的原因主要是因为发达国家单纯追求工业革命及经济利益而大量排放了温室气体,因此,该协议规定,发达国家除了强制履行减排任务,向发展中国家提供资金、技术转让和能力建设支持外,还要承诺从20xx年开始承担减少碳排放量的义务,防止气候继续变暖。一期承诺到期后的后续方案,就未来应对气候变化的全球行动签署新的协议。
在经过13天马拉松式的艰难谈判后,来自192个国家的代表最终达成《哥本哈根协议》。虽然该协议并不具有法律约束力,但维护了《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》确立的“共同但有区别的责任”原则,就发达国家实行强制减排和发展中国家采取自主减缓行动作出了安排,并就全球长期目标、资金和技术支持、透明度等焦点问题达成广泛共识。这场被称为自二战结束后人类社会最重要的一次国际会议以及“拯救人类的最后一次机会”的会议将对全球的气候变化和环境保护产生深远的影响。
张家界的“南天一柱”的绝伦惊险,直插云霄,令人惊叹不已。峰体造型奇特,垂直切割明显,仿若刀劈斧削般巍巍屹立于张家界,有顶天立地之势。“南天一柱”的命名,形象、直观、恰如其分地概括了此山的独特形态和险峻特色。“南天”隐隐还会让人想到中国神话传说中的“南天门”,平添了很多浪漫和神秘色彩,具有典型的东方文化色彩。
云雾缭绕、美丽壮观,山脉如在空中漂浮??这是《阿凡达》中的经典场景“哈里路亚山”。长达两个半小时的《阿凡达》科幻片中约有半个小时有以
张家界石英砂岩峰林为背景的“哈里路亚山”,这一中国元素让《阿》剧更富神秘感。张家界方面介绍,“南天一柱”就是《阿》剧里的“哈里路亚山”。
张家界旅游协会在1月19日下午专门召开了“借助《阿凡达》营销张家界”的小范围座谈会,其中包括“做好(证明南天一柱与悬浮山存在关联的技术工作,截图、时间、对比、精华贴和技术贴,做成铁证如山;张家界所有宣传品在改版时加上《阿凡达》的内容;给卡梅隆授予荣誉市民,给予全家终身免票待遇;和中影集团直接对接,开展某种程度的广告宣传工作”等。
此外,为了更好地利用美国科幻大片《阿凡达》促进张家界市旅游事业的发展,“张家界市旅游协会阿凡达主题游综合事务办公室”于1月21日宣布成立,简称“阿办”。
“阿办”的成立,标志着张家界市的旅游事业正式进入“阿凡达年”。推出“阿凡达潘多拉神奇之旅”“阿凡达哈里路亚山玄幻之旅”“阿凡达悬浮山神秘之旅”等多条旅游线路,景点囊括张家界的黄石寨、金鞭溪、袁家界等经典景区,但每条线路又各有自己的风格和特色。张家界一些人士在25日将风景区中的“乾坤柱”更名为“哈里路亚山”。《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,在张家界政府官网新闻中,“南天一柱”被确认更名为阿凡达“哈里路亚山”。此举引来各界关注和争议。
Study the two pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled “On the Relationship between Environment and Economy” In the essay, you should (1 describe the pictures and interpret their meaning (2 give your opinion with some proof (3 give your conclusion.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points
[参考范文]On the Relationship between Environment and Economy
The two pictures above are both about the relationship between the environment and the economic development. In the first picture, GDP is on the rise while the environment is drastically polluted. In the second picture, economic efficiency progresses with environmental protection. It’s easy to get the conclusion that development according to the second picture is more reasonable than that in the first one.
In the early development of socialism, our country didn’t pay much attention to the issue of environmental protection and savored the bitterness. Now, the government has taken many measures and is implementing the strategy of “sustainable development”. One aspect of the strategy is to develop the economy and take measures to protect the environment at the same time. In this way, we can develop our country in a sustainable manner and our offspring can have enough resources to develop society. If we don’t put much emphasis on the environment issue and excavate the natural resources blindly, our country will become a barren land sooner or later.
In a word, sustainable development is a reasonable strategy which should be implemented for a long time. The nature is providing us with plentiful resources generously, but it may punish us severely if we don’t care her.
“以自己的'生命影响大学堂仔的生命”,她是“大学宿舍的灵魂”。1月19日,香港大学把“荣誉院士”授予了一位真名叫做袁苏妹的82岁扫地老太。老太从未接受过学校教育,一生只会写5个字;老太也没做过什么惊天动地的伟业,只是44年如一日地坚守在学校后勤工作的一线;老太清心淡定,面对殊誉,坦言“我的生活没有什么变化”。
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