抗疫情作文框架【一】
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
抗疫情作文框架【二】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
抗疫情作文框架【三】
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
抗疫情作文框架【四】
冬日已至，春节已至，疫情也至……
从前，门庭若市，一出门便会碰着摩肩接踵的场面，参入敲锣打鼓的队伍里。如今，因为疫情，路上竟然不见一车，空荡荡的街道不禁让人打起一个个寒颤。
疫情开始后，便迅速蔓延至全国各地。如今，浙江，成为了第二个重灾区。
遵听钟南山院士的话：“春暖花开再动一动。”每天，我都会趴在窗子上，看向窗外——北风“呼呼”吹过，树叶没有一点翠色欲滴的样儿，花儿也不知在为谁低头哈腰。有时，火红的太阳便会当空照，使世界看起来充满活力些。
收听新闻是我每天的任务。我常常安适地坐在床上，打开手机，刷着有关疫情的新闻。或是打开电视，和家人共同收听各地疫情情况等。看着白衣天使们辛勤地付出，流下一滴又一滴汗水。我不禁紧皱眉头，抿住双唇，想要跳到他们跟前，拿出手帕，为一位位医护人员逝去他们额上那一粒粒晶莹的泪珠。但是，他们哪有时间?就连一口饱饭也吃不了……
其实，家，是温暖的港湾。被疫情袭击后，人们每日待在家中，除了医生与患者，每一个人都与亲人相处在一起。我们与家人一起喝着清新的茶水，吃着柔软的米饭，下一顿顿象棋，猜一次次谜底……每个未患病的家庭中，都充满了小脾气与次次欢笑，充满了过期零食与飘香的饭菜。
但同时，我也想到，那些患者的家庭却沉浸在痛苦与悲凉中。疫情如同一片广阔无垠的海，将他们隔离在海峡两岸;疫情如同一座险而高的山峰，将一个家庭分成两部分，一部分在山头，另一部分却在山脚下;疫情如同一扇没有钥匙的门，将一个家庭隔离在门两侧。
这个假期，一个特别的春节。一日复一日，疫情并未好转，确诊病例愈增愈多，却也让我逐渐明白了一些事——生命是无价之宝，亲情是上帝赐予的珍贵礼物。
抗疫情作文框架【五】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
抗疫情作文框架【六】
翻译是受关联理论影响最大的学科之一。德国学者Gutt认为，翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程，它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据语境进行动态的推理，而推理的依据就是关联性。关联性就是制约翻译的基本原则，翻译的成功与否在于原交际者的目的和读者（听者）的要求在认知环境方面与原文相似。关联理论引入翻译研究，对翻译理论和实践都具有指导意义。
美国著名语言学家、翻译理论权威尤金·奈达博士也认为：“翻译就是交际。”他指出，信息如果不能被读者接受则丧失其交际作用，而译文如果起不到交际作用，不能为读者所理解，就是不合格的。
原作者和译者都是通过交际意图把信息告诉各自的读者，因此，要做到忠实于原作者的交际意图，这就需要译者首先要理解原文，并根据关联原则找到各种信息的最佳关联，获得最佳的语境效果，最终做出一个最能体现原作者交际意图的译文。成功的译文是使译文读者可以不必花费较多的努力就能获得与原文读者相同的语境效果，并能准确地理解原作者的交际意图。
关联理论把翻译看作是一个交际过程，而翻译过程包含作者与译者之间的交际和译者与读者之间的交际这两个交际过程。因此，译者不仅要有准确理解作者交际意图的能力，还应充分考虑译文环境下译文读者的认知能力，帮助译文读者找到与译文语境之间的最佳关联，达到最佳交际效果。译者作为原文的读者接受来自原文本的信息，这些信息提供的动态语境与译者的认知语境相结合，产生译者对原文本的理解。在理解过程中，译者运用自己的语言知识和推理能力努力达到对原文作者意图的最接近的理解，从而做到对原文的“忠实”。然而，译文忠实于原文的程度依赖于译者对译文读者的了解。如果译者不顾译文读者的认知语境和知识结构，将原文原封不动地呈现给译文读者，只会使译文读者不知所云，导致交际失败。例如，如果把“Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard。”直译为“据说家家户户的壁橱里至少都藏着一具骷髅。”就会使译文读者困惑不解。此译文只是对原文的表面意思做了传达，并未传达原文的真实意义，对于不了解西方文化背景的译文读者来说就很难以理解。然而。如果将其翻译为“常言道：壁橱里藏骷髅，丑事家家有。”这样，译者就找到了原文与译文语境的最佳关联，译文也更易被中国读者所接受，译者就达到了完成作者与译文读者之间最佳交际的目的。
译者作为原作者和译文读者之间的桥梁，其主要任务是保证两者之间交际的成功。为了保证原文作者和译文读者之间交际的成功，译者可以采取各种翻译策略来帮助译文读者找到原文与译文语境的最佳关联，达到最佳的交际效果。因此，译文读者在这一交际过程中的角色是不容忽视的。译者需要对译文读者的`认知结构和知识结构有充分的了解，做出准确的判断，对译文的表达方式做出适合译文读者的选择。如对《红楼梦》中的谚语“谋事在人，成事在天”的翻译，霍克斯直接引用英语谚语“Man proposes，God disposes。”撇开原作中的佛教色彩，使译作带上了基督教色彩，从而使原文作者曹雪芹向译文读者靠近。
翻译是语际意义的转换，意义问题是翻译的核心问题。在翻译过程中，既要重视语言本身，也要重视在不同的语境中语言所要表达的真正含义。语境在关联理论中又称为语境假设，不仅包括上下文和说话时的社会环境，还包括百科知识和当时感知的信息，这些信息并不构成一个单一的语境，而是一系列语境。在话语理解中，人们只是选取某一特定语境对信息进行推理。交际能否顺利进行，主要看听话者能否选择正确的语境。Sperber和Wilson提出了动态的语境观。语境不是静态的，而是在话语理解过程中不断选择的结果。很多情况下，交际者的交际意图可能会和话语的字面意思不一致甚至相反，这就要求听话者结合自己的认知结构和百科知识及推理能力找到与说话者的话语信息相关的语境假设，通过推理正确的判断说话者的交际意图。例如：“She is a fox。”译文有“她是只狐狸”、“她是个狐狸精”或“她是个时尚迷人的女人”在中英文化中，“狐狸”都可以与狡猾、诡计多端的人联系在一起，但当“狐狸”与女性联系在一起，汉语与英语就有了不同的文化色彩。如果译者不了解中英不同的文化语境，按照中国人的认知思维，把fox翻译成“狐狸精”，那无疑是错误的，因为在英语中，它指的是时髦迷人的女子。因此，译者应该对原语进行文化推理，获得最佳的语境效果才能得出准确的译文，达到交际的目的。
抗疫情作文框架【七】
在全国上下抗击新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情战役中，有那么一群人毅然奔赴抗疫前线，是他们的坚守和付出，筑起了一道守护人民健康的防护线。他们是最美“逆行者”。
新春伊始，一场猝不及防的肺炎疫情席卷全国大地。在这场突如其来的战“疫”面前，一群“最美逆行者”没有退缩，逆“风”而行，迎难而上，为抗击疫情，奉献力量，传递温暖。他们义无反顾的“逆行”，是最勇敢的坚守，是最温暖的守护，值得我们每一个人点赞和致敬!
最美逆行者，肩负的是责任与担当。责任重于泰山。面对疫情，广大医护工作者，写下请战书，按下鲜红的手印，主动请缨，毅然奔向这场没有硝烟的战场。公安干警、基层干部、运输司机等，义无反顾，奋战在防疫抗灾战场的第一线。他们手挽手、肩并肩，冲锋陷阵，为抗击疫情、稳定局面默默无闻地奉献着，他们都是最美、最帅的“逆行者”。正是这些最美“逆行者”，他们肩负起了责任，扛起身上的重担，用行动诠释着责任与担当。
最美逆行者，传递的是信心与力量。疫情面前，人心是最强大的力量。危险紧要关头，最美“逆行者”迎难而上，挺身而出，这是对生命的尊重与救助，更是为社会传递着休戚与共、守望相助的力量与温情，坚定广大民众的抗疫斗志和决心，树立战胜疫情的坚强信念。在这些闪闪发光的普通人身上，我们看到了爱的伟大、爱的力量，对所有人的一颗大爱之心。正是这些“最美逆行者”的实际行动，鼓舞了人们对抗疫情的'信心，有了直面危险的勇气和众志成城的毅力。
最美逆行者，守护的是生命与希望。正是这些普通平凡的最美“逆行者”，用实际行动守护着我们的健康，守护着人民的安危，守护着城市的平安。每一个时代都有每一个时代的“英雄”，病毒肆虐时，医生、护士、警察……他们在默默奋战，守护我们，护佑国家，他们无愧于新时代的英雄。疫情当前，是他们在危险之境中逆风而行，以自己的生命守护着我们的生命，让我们战胜了恐惧，克服了困难，扛起了胜利希望，让我们温暖、安定，心中有力量，眼前有希望。
在这场没有硝烟的战争中，勇敢逆行的他们，千千万万最美“逆行者”，谱写了一曲感人篇章，一首首赞美诗歌。他们都是新时代最可爱的人、最可敬的人，值得被所有人铭记、点赞。在这个不寻常的春节，让我们守望相助，向最可爱的人致敬，他们是最美逆行者!
