organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1. Keep up with current business news.
2. Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3. Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4. Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5. work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6. observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7. Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8. Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9. Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
榛榛是个珍惜时间的好孩子,相反,他的弟弟乐天榛却是个浪费时间的坏孩子。
一天榛榛走在放学回家的路上,一边走,一边想着老师问的题不知不觉走进了一条死胡同。当她抬头,发现自己走进了一条渺无人烟的死胡同,便转过身去,竟看见了一位美丽的小姑娘。“我是你的时间姑娘,你是一位爱惜时间的好孩子,所以我才会长的那么小,那么美,我相信,你长大后一定会是个珍惜时间,大有成就的姑娘,而我还是一个年轻美丽的小姑娘,我越小你的寿命就越长,加油啊!”时间姑娘轻轻地而又十分有信心地拍了榛榛一下肩膀。”榛榛若有所思的点了点头。
回到家,她还在回想着时间姑娘说的话。忽然,她好象明白了什么,连忙把作业本翻开。完成后,又看书,又读报,忙的不亦乐乎。“榛榛,孩子她爸,乐乐还没回来,是不是……”妈妈匆匆忙忙地跑过来。榛榛急忙放下书,爸爸也放下报,一起到门外大声地喊:“乐乐,弟弟…”
这时,乐乐到底在做什么呢?
这是一个终身学习的时代,知识是人类最重要的资产。有效的知识管理对于教育的整体发展与全面革新具有积极意义。受之以鱼不如授之以渔,通过英语学习策略的知识管理,可以优化语言学习的过程和效果,有利于提高学生的自主学习能力,把他们培养成为终身学习者。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
川端康成说:“荒废时间等于荒废生命。”的确,不珍惜时间,会连我们自己的生命一起浪费掉,但如果我们把握时间,就会让我们的生命多出一点精彩,所以我们要善用时间,迎向美好的未来。
时间是不会等人的,只有善用时间的人,才不会让时间把我们抛在后头,所以任何一点时间,都是不能浪费的,比如:在等车的时间可以背单字,上课前可以预习要上的单元,下课时则是可以复习今天上课老师所讲的内容,所以一天中有这么多零零碎碎的时间可以利用,我们不能够浪费掉这一些时间,反而要多加运用。
在古代有许多的大官小时候非常的穷,但他们却能善用时间来读书,所以才能会有这般成就。我们也可以拥有这样的成就,不管是当大官,或是变得非常有能力,因此我们必须要把握时间,好好的努力。
总之,我们要善用时间,然后再做真正有用的事,使自己在往后的日子可以过得幸福又快乐,而不用整天被时间追赶而劳累。
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