管理层的能力、技能和职责的确对整个自由世界利害攸关。
在制定任何决策、采取任何行动时,管理层必须把绩效放在首位。
管理的首要职能是管理企业。
首先,它表明企业管理的技巧、能力和经验是不能被照搬运用到其他机构的。(这句话与后期的作品《21世纪的管理挑战》有点矛盾,作者在一定程度上改变了其早期观点。)
第二个否定性的结论是,管理绝不能成为一门精确的科学。的确,我们可以系统化地将管理者的工作进行分析和分类,换言之,管理工作具备了明显的专业特性和科学的一面。管理一家企业绝非单凭直觉或天赋就能胜任。管理的要素和要求是可以进行分析的,是能够予以系统地组织的,是能够被任何具有正常天资的人所学会的。总而言之,本书完全是根据这样一个主题写就的,即按“直觉”办事的管理者是干不了几天的。本书认为,通过系统地学习原理,掌握有条理的知识,系统地分析其在工作所有领域中的表现,包括企业的管理,将提高管理者的绩效。的确,没有任何其他的东西能够如此有助于管理者提高他的技能、他的成效和他的绩效。这一论点的依据是确信管理者对现代社会和社会公民的影响如此之大以致要求他严于律己,成为真正高水准的公共服务专业人才。
然而,最终检验管理的是企业的绩效。唯一能证明这一点的是成就而不是只是。换言之,管理是一种实践而不是一种科学或一种专业,虽然它包含这两方面的因素。如果试图通过向管理者“颁发许可证”,或者把管理工作“专业化”,没有特定学位的人不得从事管理工作,那将会对我们的经济或我们的社会造成极大的破坏。
反之,正因为好的管理要经历这样的考验,因此成功的企业经营者才有办法完成他的工作,无论他是不是好的管理者。任何人如果想把管理变得更“科学”或变成一种“专业”,一定会开始设法除去那些“讨厌的麻烦”——商业世界中的不可预测性,包括:风险、波动、“无益的竞争”
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
If I ruled the world, I would do some changes that will make the world become better. I would publicize concept of peace, and try to reduce wars. I would also try my best to reduce taxation, help poor people with their producion and make business revive. I would change education too, because it is said that the fature of a country depends on children of the country. In a way, the future of the world depends on children of the world. So I think, the education is a very important factor to make the world become better. I would reduce class-time, reduce homeworks and build many appliances for play on the playground. I would make the schools become a kind of place that kids can be happy there, and like there. I would definitely be a good leader. If somebedy gave me honor to rule the whole world, I wouldnt let him(her down. I would do anything I can do to make the world become more beautiful, more peaceful and warmer.
企业的首要任务是求生存。换句话说,企业经济学的指导原则不是追求最大利润,而是规避亏损。企业必须设法赚取额外的资金,才足以承担企业运营中不可避免的风险,而这种风险预备金唯一的来源就是利润。的确,企业不只需要为自己的风险预作准备,还必须面对亏损,因为在经济的新陈代谢中,总是会有些企业亏损累累,销声匿迹,而这些都关系到社会的利益,这是自由、弹性和开放的经济体系主要的安全防护网。企业必须负担社会成本,对于学校、军备等有所贡献,也就是说,企业必须赚钱缴税。最后,企业还必须创造资本,以满足未来成长、扩张所需。但是最重要的是,企业必须有足够的利润来承担风险。
总而言之,追求最大利润是否为企业经营的动机仍值得商榷,但企业绝对需要赚取足够的利润,以承担未来的风险,至少需要获取必要的利润,以保存生财资源,继续在现有行业中求生存。企业通过对“必要的最低利润”设定严谨的限制,并检验其有效性,来影响企业的行为和决策。为了经营,管理者必须设定相当于“必要的最低利润”的经营目标,建立明确的标准,来评估利润表现是否达到目标。
那么,什么是“企业管理”?根据对企业活动的分析,企业是通过营销和创新来创造顾客的,因此企业管理必须具备企业家精神,而不能只是官僚作风、行政作风,甚至决策工作。
由此可见,管理企业必须是一项创造性的而不是一项适应性的任务。管理层越是创造经济条件或改变经济条件,而不是被动地适应经济条件,才能把企业管理得越成功。
但是我们对于企业本质的分析也显示,尽管企业管理最终要靠绩效来检验,但管理是理性的活动。具体而言,这表示企业必须设定具体目标,表达企业预期达到的成就,而不是“像追求最大利润的理论一样”,只把目标放在适当可能的外在条件。因此,设定目标时必须把目光紧盯预期达到的成就,只有如此,接下来才应该考虑如何自我调整,以面对可能的状况。管理层因此必须决定企业所从事的是什么样的事业,或究竟应该从事什么事业。
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
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