1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
“蚯蚓的生活环境……”考场里只能听见书写的“唰唰”声,我盯着这道题,一题十分,如果不做出名次会差很多,昨天我怎么会没复习到的?同桌正从容地写着,我心里突然闪过一个十分不光彩的念头:抄答案。万一被监考老师发现了怎么办?我紧张地看看监考老师,她正在看报纸,现在这时侯应该不会被发现吧?我这样想着,可脸上不知为什么火辣辣的。
到底要不要抄答案?我成绩一向不错。万一被发现了,以后同学们会怎么看我?但如果不抄,这道问答题就做不出,相差十分呢!名次前十名肯定是排不上了,回去一定会挨骂的!我的大拇指和食指用力夹着笔,笔上面的硅胶套被我夹了起来,不知不觉地手心竟渗出了汗水,显得十分潮湿。“还有八分钟,收卷了。”监考老师尖细的声音从报纸后面传来。怎么办?快来不及了,我到底该怎么做?我瞄了瞄同桌的试卷,几个大字一下映入我眼帘,但我却很快收回了目光,又一次心虚地瞄了瞄正在看报纸的老师,还好,老师一动也没动,依旧坐在讲台上,整张报纸挡住了她大半张脸,我只看见四个大字“钱江晚报”。
正当我在做贼心虚的时侯,一张被折成方块形的小纸条发出悄悄地“啪”地一声,我以为是监考老师发出的声音,连忙低头看自已的卷子,却忽然看见了那小纸条。“谁?”我心里一阵紧张,却依然打开了纸条,上面明显是同桌的`字迹,我呆住了,见上面写着:曾经我也的题目在时突然做不出的时侯,要相信自已,一定会想的出来的,就算想不出,也有一条基本准则:要诚实!我愣了一下,不觉笑了。“收卷!”我坦然地交上了试卷,望望同桌,他也在看着我。是的,他教会我诚实,他诚实的品质值得我学习!
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