organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1. Keep up with current business news.
2. Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3. Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4. Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5. work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6. observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7. Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8. Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9. Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
马蹄踏岁月跫响,误几回,揭帷憾无还。笛声残,唱彻阳关,事事荏苒。
昨日的骊歌被六月的风吹散成无尽的思念。流逝的时间会换走一切最初的模样。你的模样。
树荫下的秋千,只有孤寂的蝴蝶茕茕茕孑立。时间推着秋千,荡着你的.欢笑。晃啊晃啊,越荡越远。你在酥,油灯下,小心翼翼地捧起书,虔诚地品味;你在那口石井旁,轻轻地诵着那首小诗:“离离原上草,一岁一枯荣……”;你在那雨天里,抛开伞,划舟到池塘戏水;你在那陌上阡头,无忧地扯着杂草。与你有关那些日子我还记得,但时间的洪流却一点一点地吞噬了它们,成为了永远不醒的梦。
书香犹在却已泛黄;石井还在,却已枯荒;那一叶舫艋还在,却载不动时间沉淀下来的忧伤;那阡陌还在,却在你遥不可及的地方。
你说你要进京赶考,于是携着行囊,离开。你的笛声悠悠,浸染了氲氲的空气,我的眼里也有些湿润了。我挥挥手,望着你的蹄声叩着青石板的跫响渐次消匿。
时间在你的书页里流逝了,时间在你的吟诵中流逝了,时间在你的一回回挥笔中流逝了,时间在你的一场场赶卖考时流逝了。我盼着时间流逝得更快,那样你就会早些回来。却又盼着时间不要流逝得太快,因为害怕时间的流水淹没了曾经的回忆。你说你会回来的,是吗?我站在浅浅的记忆里等你。但我终于望断了最后一只南飞的北雁。
秋叶落下来惊醒了酣睡的玫瑰;夏雨又无情地冲刷了桅子的芬芳;如今,菡萏开了,却又不知会被时间换去如何的模样。我望着六月的天空,知道自己逃不出时间的囚牢,无法越过我的城,去见一面你的微笑。
我读不懂那些圣人君子的什么“逝者如斯”。我只知道时间的流逝是一个偷天换日、沧海桑田的巨大阴谋。欺骗走了你的笑靥,留给我一片喧嚣。
此刻,你就在考场,把那些时间沉积的墨轻轻碾开,书写成沉重的文字。我看着窗影中的你,微笑。
我会看到你的笑颜。因为,流逝的时间是一次沉淀,将痛沉淀,将愁沉淀,才流向美好的明天。
嗒嗒你的马蹄声,沿着江水的咆哮归来。
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
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