obviously cctv is determined to change their traditional song and dance gala form for kid, they created a theater cartoon drama for this kids joy。
gathering nearly all the well—known chinese original cartoon characters, ne zha, monkey sun and zhu bajie, the top three cartoon characters voted by kids, will lead acting in this dream fairyland and experience an outer space journey by spacecraft named °chang e±。 including big—face cat, piggy bear and other nearly 20 characters will be joining this journey。 a cartoon olympic game is on schedule as well, and the main difficulty they confront is how to ignite the torch on the pate of giraffe。
this smash show from cctv gathered a top line—up in chinese drama and cartoon field。 top producers for screenwriting, choreography, casting, lighting and music devoted their talents here。 lead acted by liu xiao ling tong and ma de hua, who are well—known for their excellent performance in tv series °journey to the west±, while notable children programs presiders as ju ping, dong hao, jin guizi and etc also join this sweet play with their specific role。 cute characters, fantastic plot will endow kids a memorable hilarious night!
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.
There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.
The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.
Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions.
One time, I saw a movie made in china that showed parents helping their children with their homework. . My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere wants to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they’re different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together.
Earning a living is another common goal. I’ve often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected.
Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movies, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing.
The movies I’ve seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals.
我所教的实验班的学生,普遍偏重理科,大多逻辑思维较强,而形象思维较弱。他们长于判断、推理、证明,思考问题条理清楚,而不善意于描写想像,不善于生动地塑造人物,形象地反映社会生活。对于一个思维能力健全的人来说,两种思维应均衡协调地发展。这样,如何在语文教学活动中培养他们的形象思维能力,便成了语文教师的一个重要课题。在教学实践中我到猜读续写是开发和增强形象思维的有效方法之一。
猜读就是阅读语文课文的部分内容后,掩卷沉思,猜测、推断其后的内容;续写就是对猜读的结果整理加工,形成文字,接续在阅读部分的后面,使前后两部分文字成为一个有机的整体,一篇新文章。
猜读续写活动的第一步是选择合适的课文。选出的课文从文体上说可以是小说、戏剧,也可以是散文、就事论事的议论文;从内容上说应是学生熟悉的,而且有猜头、有写头;从语言上说应是比较通俗、浅显的。总之,所选的课文应和学生的认识和语言水平相接近。
例如,高二时,我选择孙梨先生的《荷花淀》进行猜读。《荷花淀》写的是抗日战争时期发生在冀中白洋淀的一个小故事。这个时期的历史,学生一般比较熟悉,他们虽然没有亲身经历过,但从电影、电视、小说、课堂及大人的口里了解到那个时期的不少情况,而且该小说语言朴素平实,适合作为猜读续写的原材料。
第二步是确定阅读的文段(猜读点即含在其中)。阅读的文段一般在篇首,也可包括篇中,应能开启后文,启发学生的想像,激活学生的文思。
学习《荷花淀》时,我们确定该文第一节开头到第16自然段(从“月亮升起来,院子里凉爽得很,干净得很”到“水生说:‘今天县委召集我们开会。假如敌人再在同口安上据点,那和端村就成了一条线,淀里的斗争形势就变了,会上决定成立一个地区队。我第一个举手报了名’。”)为第一个阅读段。第二节开头到第23自然段,即从“女人们到底有些藕断丝连。”到“快摇!”为第二阅读段。这两段都提出了矛盾和情节发展线索,为猜读提供了充分的条件,为想像的展开准备了广阔的天地。
第三步组织猜读和续写。读是猜的基础和前提,是走进阅读段中去,写则是猜的提高和完成,是从阅读段中走出来。
猜读前要补充文章写作背景的有关情况,并提出明确的猜读要求。
猜读《荷花淀》前我们先向同学介绍了孙犁小说的特点、该文的写作背景,并补充说明了水生家庭的构成情况。猜读时我们要生猜想水生嫂听了水生报名参军的话后产生了哪些思想活动,作出了什么反应,故事情节将如何发展,然后把猜想的内容整理成续文,接续在阅读文段之后。猜读时同学头脑中可能出现多种方案,可通过比较分析,筛选出最佳方案,而把它形成文章,还要经过反复推敲、加工,字上的处理。由于选文对路,可猜性强,同学的文思被激活,出现了多种多样的续文。对于水生参军的事,有的写水生嫂满口豪言,全力支持;有的写水生嫂感情复杂,又想支持,又怕出事;有的.则写水生嫂坚决反对,吵架呕气,最后水生不得不把老爹搬出来做水生嫂的工作;当然也有和课文的写法接近的。对于归途遇敌的事,有的写几个妇女把船摇到水道狭窄处,弃船而行,鬼子大船过不去就跳下小船来抓“花姑娘”,妇女们潜水过去掀翻小船,不识水性的鬼子全部落入水中淹死;有的用了误会法,说追来的“鬼子”并非鬼子,而是水生他们装扮的,原来他们要去执行一项任务;有的则写妇女们潜入水底,设法凿破敌船,鬼子随船沉入水底;还有的写水生嫂掩护几个妇女脱险,而自己光荣牺牲。当然也有和课文处理方法相近的。
从学生写的续文看,有关水生参军的,学生写得较拘谨,展不开,而有关归途遇敌的,则一般写得生动有趣,有的还挥洒自如,出奇见新,这说明前一个猜读点不如第二个选得好。学生们对青年夫妇间的感情关系体验和了解不深,写起来自然受到限制。这说明猜读续写点必须选择恰当,必须符合学生的实际。
第四步对照原文,寻找差距。续文完成后还要拿来和原文对照,总结成绩,寻找差距。原文都是经过时间考验的典范文章,学生写的续文自然和它存在着种种差距,找出这些差距,在以后作文时加以改进,这样就可使作文水平提高一步。学生说这种对照,标准具体,目的明确,效果好。通过对照有的学生认识到把水生嫂一开始就写得很完美或很落后都不合乎作品实际,不能显现水生嫂由普通农村妇女到游击战士的成长过程;有的学生则发现自己有关归途遇敌续文的种种漏洞和破绽。总之通过对照,学生看到原作的精妙之处,作者的良苦用心。从阅读的角度说,这对照阅读已具鉴赏的性质了。当然在对照中学生也发现了自己的闪光点,自己的写作实力,增强了写好作文的信心。
猜读续写的优点是:
一、以读带写,以写促读,读写紧密结合。
在平常的语文教学中,读和写不易结合紧密,读是读,写是写,形成两张皮。而在猜读续写活动中,读的目的是写,读孕育写,带动写;写是读的继续和深化,写促进了读,二者紧密结合在一起。从读始,以写续,又以读(对照)结,读——写——读就是猜读续写的全过程。从思维训练的角度说,读,是感受别人的形象思维成果(局部),又是自己形象思维的触发点以及进一步展开的起点,而写则是自己形象思维成果的外化。
二、提高自学能力。叶圣陶先生说过:“教任何功课,最终目的都在于达到不需要教,假如学生都能达到这样境界:能够自己去探索,自己去辨析,自己去体会,从而获得正确的知识和熟练的能力岂不是就不要教了吗?”叶老在这里强调了学生自学能力的重要,而猜读续写正有助于这种能力的形成和提高,能引导学生进入叶老所说的那种“境界”。
整个猜读续写活动都是在老师指导下由学生自己进行的,他们认真深入地自读课文片断,既理解其字面意,明示信息,又把握其言外意、隐含信息。他们还理出头绪,抓住线索,构思续文,还对照原文,加工修改。他们“自历其力,自致其知”,坚持下去,便“自有读书,不待老师讲;自能作文,不待老师改”了。
三、激活思维,开发智力。由于在猜读续写过程中学生的参与和创造愿望能得到满足,他们的形象思维被激活。依靠形象思维,他们筛选积累在头脑里的素材;依靠形象思维,他们续接曲折生动的故事;依靠形象思维,他们塑造、修改人物形象……总之,在形象思维的参与下,各种猜测,构思方案纷至沓来,难以自己;各种创造性的情节、对话以及细节不时闪现,出奇见新。学生感到续写了一次作文,思维似乎活多了,脑子似乎聪明多了,续写锻炼了形象思维,形象思维产生了精美的续文。
当然,形象思维和逻辑思维是不可截然分开的,猜读续写虽然主要依靠形象思维,但并不排斥逻辑思维,相反地,它还需要逻辑思维的参与,而就事说理式文章的续写则主要靠逻辑思维的作用。
续写要受到原文内容的限制,这是问题的一个方面,但还有另一个方面,就是“任何语言的任何一句话,它的意义决不等于一个一个字的总和,而是还多点什么。”(吕叔湘)语言这种增值现象为学生创造性思维的发挥提供了广阔的天地。学生完全可以根据对原文的不同理解,发挥想像,调动自己直接、间接的,构思出各具特色的续文来。
猜读续写和仿写不同,仿写侧重在“仿”,用的是求同思维,让学生在求同中增长写作才干。
猜读续写和改写也不同,改写侧重在“改”,用的是求异思维,让学生在求异中提高写作能力。
而猜读续写侧重在“猜”,既用求同思维,又用求异思维,思路和原文可能接近,也可能大相径庭。
猜读续写的方法还适用于课外阅读和写作。
【附录】学生续写文章两篇
《荷花淀》猜读续写练习
一
女人沉默了,尽管她不停地忙着编席子,而编出的席子却糙得不像出自她的手。
“我知道”,水生打破了僵局,“这下可苦了你了。可是我作为队长,理当带个头。如果谁都不去打鬼子,那乡亲们可怎么活呀!”
听着丈夫的话,女人心里乱成了一团麻。这些道理,她都懂;可真要是让他走了,年事已高的老人,乳臭未***孩子,一切只有她一个人承担了。再说,这兵荒马乱的,真有个三长两短……她不敢再想下去,两行热泪夺眶而出。
水生忙解释道:“别担心,过不了多久,打走了鬼子,我就回来了。你不想见到我戴着大红花胜利归来吗?”
又是一阵沉默,女人渐渐清醒了许多,她深知丈夫此举的必要。于是,她擦了擦泪水,抬起头坚定地说:“你去吧,家里一切有我。你去打鬼子,别为我们担心。”
水生会心地笑了,他知道她会同意的。
二
小船拼命向前摇。可奇怪的是日本大船并没追赶他们,而是径直向东去了。小船停下来,女人们都在纳闷。水生嫂似乎想起了什么,怔了怔,慢慢地说:“我看见船头上那个穿日本服的怎么竟有些像水生。”“妹子,这怎么可能。是你太想水生兄弟了吧?”张猛子的女人说。船上的人都笑了。水生嫂沉默了一会儿,脸绷得紧紧的:“一定是他,我不会看错的,莫非他……”“嫂子你可别这么想,水生哥不是那种人。”“不行,我一定要弄明白!”
小船又摇了起来,向东,顺着大船去的方向。不一会儿,大船的轮廓渐渐现了出来。它正停泊在一个小码头上,是同口。水生嫂心里咯噔一下。最近,这里鬼子活动频繁,一队伪兵正在岩上修筑岗楼。日本人想在这儿建据点。
小船钻进了芦苇,借着芦苇的掩护,女人们上了岩。水生嫂对大家说:“小心,这里伪兵多,咱们可别让他们撞着。”大伙儿都点了点头。于是她们沿着草丛向前走。闪过一棵大杨树,就望见了敌人的岗楼,已经快修好了,周围约三十多个伪兵正忙忙碌碌,旁边还停着五辆运土石的马车,十几名老乡正在卸车。“哎,看,那几个日本兵在那儿!”马林的女人用手一指。只见那几个日本兵正在和一名伪军官说话。那军官又是点头,又是哈腰。“走,我们过去看看。”水生嫂招呼大家。她们顺着树丛爬了过去。
呀,真是水生。水生嫂只觉得脑袋“嗡”的一下子。“咦,那不是猛子吗?还有马林、二虎子。”女人们一下子糊涂了,你看看我,我看看你。
这时候,水生他们几个已经在伪军军官的陪同下进了岗楼,又过了一会儿,突然,“砰,砰!”岗楼里响起了枪声。说时迟,那时快,正在卸车的老乡扔下砖石,从车上拿出枪,立刻枪声大作。周围的伪军还不知道怎么回事,不过逃命要紧,抱着脑袋四处逃散。
正乱间,水生几个从岗楼里冲了出来,一边跑,一边把日本帽抓了下来,狠狠地甩在地上,并冲着那几个老乡模样的人喊:“卧倒!”只听“轰”的一声,岗楼被炸塌了。水生兴奋地一边挥着拳头,一边领着其他人向后撤,女人们终于明白了。水生嫂忍不住冲出去,抱住了水生。水生愣了一下,但立刻抓起她的手,“快走!”……
水生已经为这事冲水生嫂吼过好几次,水生嫂也自己了。但水生嫂的心里却想:我的水生真是好样的。
Bicycle is a convinient means of transporation. It has been very popular in China. During the rush hours, particularly in big cities, you can often see a sea of bicycle riders in the streets. People can ride bicycles to their working places, to schools, to shopping centers and so on. In a word, bicycles play an important role in daily life.
Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages. Firstly, they are not so expensive as cars and almost every family can afford to buy and repair them. Secondly, riding bicycle is a healthy form of exercise. They do good to our health. Thirdly, bicycles can save energy and does not cause any pollution, while cars will cause serious air pollution, which makes the air in our living place very dirty and makes a lot of people suffer from lung cancer. As we all know, China is a country with a large population. Ifeach family has a car, a large amount of energy would be wasted and air pollution would become more and more serious. Finally, most Chinese people don’ t live far away from where they work or study, it is convenient to ride bicycles. I think that is why bicycles are used so much.
Bicycles are so popular in China that China is often referred to as the kingdom of bicycles. I hope more and more people can ride bicycles in order to make our planet better and cleaner.
自行车是一种方便的交通工具。它在中国非常受欢迎。在高峰期间,尤其是在大城市,你可以经常在街上看到自行车骑手。人们可以骑自行车上班,学校、购物中心等等。总之,自行车在日常生活中起着重要的作用。
与汽车相比,自行车有许多优点。首先,他们不是很昂贵的汽车,几乎家家都能买得起和修理它们。其次,骑自行车是一种健康的运动。他们对我们的健康有益。第三,自行车可以节约能源,不会造成任何污染,而汽车会造成严重的空气污染,使我们生活的地方的空气变得非常脏,使很多人患有肺癌。我们都知道,中国是一个人口众多的国家。如果每个家庭都有一辆汽车,就会浪费掉大量的能源,而且空气污染会越来越严重。最后,大多数中国人不远离他们工作或学习生活,骑自行车很方便。我认为这就是自行车在中国大量使用的原因。
自行车在中国如此受欢迎,中国通常被称为自行车王国。我希望越来越多的`人可以骑自行车为了让我们的地球更好的和更清洁的。
gathering nearly all the well-known chinese original cartoon characters, ne zha, monkey sun and zhu bajie, the top three cartoon characters voted by kids, will lead acting in this dream fairyland and experience an outer space journey by spacecraft named °chang e±. including big-face cat, piggy bear and other nearly 20 characters will be joining this journey. a cartoon olympic game is on schedule as well, and the main difficulty they confront is how to ignite the torch on the pate of giraffe.
this smash show from cctv gathered a top line-up in chinese drama and cartoon field. top producers for screenwriting, choreography, casting, lighting and music devoted their talents here. lead acted by liu xiao ling tong and ma de hua, who are well-known for their excellent performance in tv series °journey to the west±, while notable children programs presiders as ju ping, dong hao, jin guizi and etc also join this sweet play with their specific role. cute characters, fantastic plot will endow kids a memorable hilarious night!
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