也称“起首语”,是对收信人的称呼。称呼要在信纸第一行顶格写起,后加“:”,冒号后不再写字。称呼和署名要对应,明确自己和收信人的关系。(具体可参见第四编《应酬称谓》)称呼可用姓名、称谓,还可加修饰语或直接用修饰语作称呼。如:
亲爱的小明:(要顶格写)
另外,这里简要说明几条细则:
(1)给长辈的信。若是近亲,就只写称谓,不写名字,如“爸”、“妈”、“哥”、“嫂”等;亲戚关系的,就写关系的称谓,如“姨妈”、“姑妈”等。对非近亲的长辈,可在称谓前加名或姓,如“赵阿姨”、“黄叔叔”等。
(2)给平辈的信。夫妻或恋爱关系,可直接用对方名字,爱称加修饰语或直接用修饰语,如“丽”、“敏华”、“亲爱的”等;同学、同乡、同事、朋友的信,可直接用名字、昵称或加上“同学”、“同志”,如“瑞生”、“老纪”、“小邹”、“三毛”等。
(3)给晚辈的信。一般直接写名字,如“乐毅”、“君平”、“阿明”等;也可在名字后加上辈分称谓,如“李花侄女”等;亦可直接用称谓作称呼,如“孙女”、“儿子”等。
(4)给师长的信,通常只写其性或其名,再加“老师”二字,如“段老师”、“周师傅”、“宏海老师”等。对于十分熟悉的师长,也可单称“老师”、“师傅”。假如连名带姓,在信首直称“孙松平老师”、“王达夫师傅”,就显得不大自然且欠恭敬。对于学有专长、德高望重的师长,往往在姓后加一“老”字,以示尊重,如“戴老”、“周老”,亦可在姓名后加“先生”二字。为郑重起见,也有以职务相称的,如“董教授”、“陈大夫”、“佟工程师”等。
(5)给一个单位或几个人的信,又不指定姓名的,可写“同志们”、“诸位先生”、“XX等同志”等。给机关团体的信,可直接写机关团体名称。如“XX委员会”、“XX公司”。致机关团体***的信,可直接用姓名,加上“同志”、“先生”或职务作称呼,亦可直接在机关团体称呼之后加上“领导同志”、“负责同志”、“总经理”、“厂长”等。
如果信是同时写给两个人的,两个称呼应上下并排在一起,也可一前一后,尊长者在前。
上述五种场合,有时还可按特殊对象,视情况加上“尊敬的”、“敬爱的”、“亲爱的”等形容词,以表示敬重或亲密之情。当然,这要用得适宜,如对好友称“尊敬的”,反而显得见外,对无特殊关系的年轻女性贸然称呼“亲爱的”,那就有失检点了。
Dear Daddy,
亲爱的爸爸,
Thank you very much for your letter written to me. In your letter , you not only expressed your expectation to me , but also showed all your love to me . I was deeply moved . Thanks again ,Daddy .You said ," I hope you get bravery and perseverance, and can quickly grasp living skills like a lion ". Now I want to tell you that I will try my best to do everything well and live up to your expectations . Dear father , you are a great lion in my mind .
谢谢你给我写信。在信中,你不仅仅表达了你对我的期望,还展示了你对我所有的爱。我深深感动了。再次谢谢你,爸爸。你说,“我希望你能够变得勇敢和有耐心,并且能像狮子般快速的掌握生活技能。”现在我想说我会尽我最大的.努力把所有事情都做好来达到你的期望。亲爱的爸爸,你是我心中的狮子。
When I am absent mind , when I am depressed, you , my dear father is always there . Your advice and encouragement guide me through many difficulties . Thank you , Dad, for your help and understanding. I love you , Dad ,forever!
当我茫然、绝望时,是你,我亲爱的爸爸永远都在我身边。你的建议和勇气引导我克服许多的困难。谢谢你,爸爸,谢谢你的帮助和理解。我永远爱你,爸爸。
正文通常以问候语开头。问候是一种文明礼貌行为,也是对收信人的一种礼节,体现写信人对收信人的关心。问候语最常见的是“您好!”“近好!”依时令节气不同,也常有所变化,如“新年好!”“春节愉快!”问候语写在称呼下一行,前面空两格,常自成一段。如:
你好!久未见面,别来无恙。(问候语,空两格写起)
最近,我在学习电脑。对于电脑,我自己可以说是一窍不通,只能加紧恶补……(这是正文,要空两格写起)
问候语之后,常有几句启始语。如“久未见面,别来无恙。”“近来一切可好?”“久未通信,甚念!”之类。问候语要注意简洁、得体。
接下来便是正文的主要部分——主体文,即写信人要说的话。它可以是禀启、复答、劝谕、抒怀、辞谢、致贺、请托、慰唁,也可以是叙情说理、辩驳论证等。这一部分,动笔之前,就应该成竹在胸,明白写信的主旨,做到有条有理、层次分明。若是信中同时要谈几件事,更要注意主次分明,有头有尾,详略得当,最好是一件事一段落,不要混为一谈。
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
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