悬念,在古典小说里称为扣子或关子,即设置疑团,不作解答,借以激发读者的阅读兴趣。通俗地说,它是在情节发展中设置谜面,使读者产生急切的期盼心理,然后在适当的时机揭开谜底。课文《一碗阳春面》就是范例。文章开篇,写大年三十深夜十二点,母子三人来到北海亭面馆吃面。这么晚了才来,而且是吃一碗,这一情节足以引起读者的好奇。接下来写一年后他们二吃阳春面,作者仍然没有揭开谜底。再写一年后他们三吃阳春面,时间、地点、人物依旧,阳春面变成了两碗,这又是为什么?读者的好奇心被作者撩得按捺不住时,小说恰到好处地通过母子三人的对话交代了他们所遭遇的厄运。但作者还嫌悬念设置得不够充分,往下是写母子三人十年没有来吃面,由此设下了新的悬念:他们为什么没来?他们的命运怎样了?直到篇末,读者紧悬的一颗心才放下,为主人公战胜厄运而欢欣。由于悬念扣人心弦,全文显得曲折有致。
一部《三国演义》、一部《水浒传》,究竟写了多少巧合,那是难以数清的。正是这个原因,“无巧不成书”几乎成了过去说书人的口头禅。没有巧合,就没有故事;要想引人入胜,设置巧合是一种常用的写作技法。如课文《林教头风雪山神庙》,就安排了许多巧合。篇首写林教头巧遇李小二,为下文写李小二知恩图报埋下伏笔。后写李小二巧遇陆虞侯,牵出林冲上街买刀准备复仇的.情节。再写草料场巧遇大风雪。正是风大雪紧,林冲才被迫到山神庙安身;正是风大雪紧,林冲进了山神庙,才用大石头顶住庙门,从而听到了仇人的谈话,知道了事情的真相。于是忍无可忍,愤而***敌,实现了性格上的质的飞跃。整篇课文,连设巧合,环环相扣,推动着情节发展。
“我不喜欢弟弟或妹妹,因为那样爸爸妈妈就不会再爱我……”最近上网总能看到类似于二胎这样的话题。这个政策是去年新颁布的,瞬间引起了社会各界的更关注,它已成为我们备考高考作文的话题之一。
此政策在网络和微信上引发了热议(become a sensation on the Internet and We Chat。不少网友认为"00后"(children born after 2000太自私,即使是同意父母生二胎的`孩子,在有了弟弟妹妹后脾气也会变坏。但也有不少人认为,这仅仅是教育方式的问题而已(the problem lies in education。如青岛一所小学的一群四年级学生日前成立了"反弟弟妹妹联盟",说服父母不要生二胎。(A group of fourth-graders at an elementary school in Qingdao formed an "anti-siblings alliance" in an effort to persuade their parents not to have a second child.该校一名老师最近发现,班里有八个孩子常聚在一起窃窃私语,讨论这件事(hold secret meetings to discuss the issue。这些学生担心弟弟妹妹会分走自己独享的父母宠爱(steal their parents' exclusive love。
有话题就会有相关词汇,这就要求大家在平常的学习中多多积累,这样到用了时候心中自然就有丘壑。同时也可以扩充相关词汇,如:流动人口mobile population;独生子女家庭only child family;生育时间表birth time schedule;备孕plan for pregnancy。
二胎政策实施过程中,也给社会带来了一定的影响。这一部分探讨也可以作为作文的写作素材。如全面二孩政策(universal two-child policy出台后,中国内地主要城市三居室或四居室的大户型房子(large three or four-bedroom homes销量攀升。北京和上海等城市的很多夫妇正在搜寻居住环境更佳的大房子(hunt for larger homes with a better environment,为家里添丁加口早做准备。据估计,新的生育政策将使未来5年内多增加1700万新生儿(extra 17m babies being born within the next five years。
清人唐彪在《作文谱》中说:“世间文字,断无句句看题、句句不看题之理,其法在于离合相生。”又说:“离合相生者,谓将与题近,忽然扬开;将与题远,又复掉转回顾是也。”对于记叙文来说,就是在处理场面和情节的过程中,不必处处死扣主旨,而应采取“若即若离”的方式灵活安排,掀起文章的波澜,避免单调呆板。如季羡林的《马缨花》,文章用了几乎一半的篇幅回忆过去所住的大院,对这院子的人事沧桑、遗存古迹等等描写得十分具体细微,初读会以为这是回忆往昔居室中闪现出“一股似浓似淡的香气”,以为主人公马缨花登上了文章的中心位置。往后就写马缨花的“绿云红雾飘满了北京”,正是这马缨花的“影”与“光”的对比,“带给我无穷无尽的力量”。至此,文章完成了对马缨花的全面的描绘和赞美。原来,前面部分是写马缨花的“影”的广阔社会背景,没有“影”的对照,就不能衬出“光”。影中的马缨花值得留念,光中的马缨花则更可爱。这不正是“离合相生”吗?
“一张一弛,文武之道”,叙述故事情节,如果有张有弛,就不致显得急促或平淡无奇。如《荷花淀》,前面部分写水乡,风景异常恬静美好,给人一种和平的感觉,这是弛。接着作者转过笔锋,描写水上一场激烈的游击战,使浓烈的战争气氛弥漫其间,这是张。又如《为了六十一个阶级弟兄》,开头写春节过后北京王府井大街的特种药品商店的热闹景象,这是弛;接着写突然传来平陆县委的求援电话,这是张;再接下去补叙事情的发生,这又是弛。一张一弛,文章就有波澜了。
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that the parents are willing to have a second child, while their only child do not agree because of his worry that he doesn't want to have another child, even his own sibling, share toys with him. Simple as it is, the symbolic meaning revealed is profound and thought-provoking.
We are supposed to place our attention on, instead of its funny appearance, the implied meaning of the cartoon: as the overall second-child policy expands throughout China, some only children are so selfish that they cannot accept the second child in their family. What can account for this undesirable situation? For one thing, they, as the only child at home all the time, have no awareness of sharing what they like with others due to the fact that all the family members give their love to the only child. As a result, when faced with the problem of whether they are willing to have a sibling, their first response is to refuse it. For another reason, some couples are eager to have a second child as soon as possible, which makes them neglect to communicate with their only child to let them realize the advantage of having a sibling companion in their childhood.
From what has been discussed above, it's safe for me to conclude that it is urgent to take some immediate and effective measures. What I recommend is that parents should let child know the importance of sharing with others, which is beneficial for them in future life. In addition, it's better for parents to have more communication with their only child once they want to have a second child.
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