昨天下午我吃了一个桃儿,吃完以后就捏着桃核去厨房,走到离垃圾桶还有四五步之远的地方有点儿犯懒,充满自信的顺手一丢,结果桃核打在垃圾桶边沿儿上,弹落在地,没办法,只能走上前弯腰捡起来,再丢入垃圾桶里,等于费了“二道手”,早知道不如多走几步直接扔垃圾筒里呢!
由此我的脑海里突然闪出“捷径”一词。当我们在人生成长时,其实就是在不断寻找各种各样的捷径,但结果往往是徒劳的,甚至反而需要付出的更多才能达到目的。试想一下,如果任何事情都是按部就班,稳扎稳打,可能实现某些东西会慢一些,这却是一条直来直去的道路,没有弯路;相反,若做什么事都一味的寻找捷径,欲速则不达,反倒是在为自己铺设更多的弯路。所谓“捷径”,在字典中的解释是“近便的小路,喻不循正轨,贪便图快的做法,喻速成的方法或手段。”或许这个词还微含一点儿贬意,但是我认为这个词还不错,起码代表一种对事对人积极的态度,尽管有点儿取巧意思,却也无伤大雅。可是回过头来想一想,无论是在生活、学习、事业,或是爱情上,人生能有多少真正的捷径可走?越去主动寻找捷径,越会事倍功半,也许“物极必反”就是这个道理。不可否认“捷径”的存在,但是真正能事半功倍的捷径是由诸多主观、客观因素组成的,缺一不可,甚至可以说天时、地利、人和才能促成一条捷径的诞生,而这却太难了!所以不要轻易认为眼前的那条道路就是捷径,因为你没有那么幸运!为什么会迷信捷径?主要是太过于自信,自信自己的运气;自信自己的能力。要知道,运气是偶然的,不是自己能把握的;能力可以代表某一方面,但绝不可能体现在各个方面。
就像我扔的那个桃核,非常自信能一下子扔到垃圾桶里,结果却是还得多弯一次腰把它捡起来,才能最终扔进垃圾桶里。可见越是自信,反而越容易在“捷径”面前跌到。当捷径摆放在面前时要小心翼翼的走过去,但不要刻意的去寻找捷径。如同一个人在走路,总是想办法去寻找可以抄近的小道,可是走来走去才发现自己反倒是一直在不停的绕远,不仅浪费了脚力,还耽误了走大道的时间。何况总是走曲曲折折的小道,万一迷路了怎么办?迷失了方向还可以慢慢找出路,迷失了自己却很难再找回来。人生没有捷径。
1、抓“二主要”:抓住主要人物、主要情节,运用简洁的语言进行概括。具体方法:谁?做了什么事?怎么做的?结果如何?
2、抓住段落的\'中心句。中心句一般在段的开头、或段的结尾,也有在段的中间。一般说,段首中心句就是首括句、启下句;段尾的中心句,就是总括句。
3、采用摘要法,即把文章或段中有主次之分的几层意思归纳出来,选取主要的,略去次要的。
4、采用联合法,即文章或段中的几层意思是并列的,那就把几个意思归纳合并出一个主要意思。
1、用一句话概括文章内容或段意;
2、补写故事情节;
3、分析题目含义;
4、归纳文章中心。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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