回到作文本身上来,简单点说,作文就是用文字表达自己的观点。因此,议论文应当就是通过文字来分析与说理,分析为了说理,说理基于分析,这就是论点与论据的关系。这里需要关注叶文所提出的,“有关议论文写作的指导,大多都围绕例证法开发相应的策略……对于分析什么,如何分析,缺乏整体性的思考”。
叶文给出的解决之道是“概念分析”,笔者对此的观点表示赞同,但觉得跟学生更应该强调的是“分析”与“说理”这两个概念,因这两个概念学生更容易听得懂,尤其是笔者通过自身的实践,发现高中学生一方面喜欢写议论文,因为他们有说理的劲头,但有时又怕写议论文,因为他们怕分析。这就说明议论文的教学重心之一,还是应当培养学生的说理能力。而理如何说,自然是基于上面提到的方法论基础,基于学生的逻辑思维能力。
其实,理不辩不明,逻辑思维能力的培养关键在于学生有没有一个逻辑思维的机会,议论文的学习与讲评,都是这样的好机会,教师多存一个心即可。
Ten years later, I thought that I will become a doctor, because may help many people, I want to go to Paris to live, heard that is very beautiful, I will live with I best friend in the apartment, at that time, the child did not need to go to school, they at home through the computer study, in my family also had the robot, might help us to do many housework, I in the future life will not need the money, because the thing could be free, I good anticipated that I the future life, I will wait not to be anxious!
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
This is my first week in ** Senior Middle School.Everything here is new for me.Our school is an old school but it`s very beautiful.I have 50 new classmates in my class.They`re all very excellent, I think, and I felt a little sad.Because I`m too common.But come to think of it,it`s a very good thing.I believe I can also be very excellent if I study with such excellent classmates.I didn`t know why Ms *** chose me to be the committee of study.But I know it`s a good chance for me to raise my ability.All I can do is do my best in the future.I am sure that Ms *** and my classmates can help me when I do something wrong. Because they`re all very kind.It`s a pleasure to work and study with them.I`m really very happy.I`m not an outstanding student in this class,but I can do the same thing like others.I believe I won`t make anyone disappointed.
Dear Dad,
Long time no see, I do miss you. Well, let me tell you something about my life here.To tell the truth, i live a normal life just as anywhere i can live.(我过着一个在任何地方都普通的生活 My life is revolved on work and work.(我的生活除了学习还是学习Frankly,i feel tired sometimes(老实说,我有时候觉得很累.But i see, studying is the whole life to students like me.(但是我知道,学习是像我这样的学生的全部 So no matter how difficult, i will do my utmost .所以不管多艰难,我都会尽自己最大的努力。
Best wishes for you .
单向思维、单层论证、感情用事,这样的描述从字面上就可以看出带有批评的色彩,但有意思的是,当教师将这样的陈述说与学生时,学生即使会接受,对其议论文的写作也不会有质的改变。一个重要的原因,就是学生不知道自己如此作文背后的原因是什么。笔者以为,从时序的角度来看,这其中有两个原因:
一是历史原因。学生在进入高中之前,已经有过议论文的学习经历,虽然真正动笔写议论文的情形不多,但自媒体时代的网络写作(腾讯空间的“说说”或者“微博”)中,已经含有大量的议论文性质的只言片语,凡与学生为网络好友者,应当皆知此事。这样的前置性阅读与写作经验,使得学生在进入高中之后的议论文写作中,充满着叶文所批评的三点表现。
二是学生原因。这里所说的学生原因主要是指学生的判断力与逻辑思维的能力。议论文是为“说理”而来,而“分析”实际上是逻辑思维能力的表现,因此学生的“分析说理能力不足”,实际上就是不会分析,不会说理。根据笔者的观察,即使高中学生在面对一个观点时,常常表现为盲从的状态,即丧失自我判断的状态。尤其是对网络上的一些让人“眼前一亮”的观点,这种情形之下更多的是附和,这就是叶文所说的“单向思维”;而对于不同观点,又容易极端反击。这就是叶文所说的“感情用事”;而无论是在课堂上的议论文写作中,还是在网络写作中,为了说明自己的某个观点,自然会引用对自己有利的证据来论述,这就是“单层论证”。
当我们将历史原因与学生角度的判断与逻辑思维原因结合起来时,就发现学生出现“分析说理能力不足”及其三个表现是有因可循的了。
大家晚上好!
“连雨不知春去,一晴方觉夏深”,不知不觉中,我们在延坪镇中心学校已度过了将近六个春秋,再过一个多月,我们都将成为一名小学毕业生,迈进中学的大门。
今天召开毕业班学生复习动员会议,我作为学生代表,在这里发言感到很荣幸,这是老师、同学对我莫大的鼓励和信任,我更愿把这种鼓励和信任看作是对我的一种鞭策。我不是学得最出色的,只是尽自己的努力取得了一些微不足道的\'成绩,深感自己付出的努力与老师沤心沥血的谆(zhūn谆教诲相差甚远。
这学期,对于我们毕业班的同学来说是至关重要的,就仿佛是人生的第一个岔路口:是以优异的成绩毕业,还是带有遗憾离开朝夕相伴的老师、同学而去?同学们,命运的航船掌握在我们自己手中,失败、成功都只能代表过去,“雄关漫道真如铁,而今迈步从头越”。让我们将最后的一个多月作为新的起点,以更饱满的学习热情,更踏实的学习作风,在老师的悉心指导帮助下,找准方向、增强信心、发扬成绩、克服困难,投入到生动活泼、紧张有序、文明守纪的学习生活中去,以骄人的成绩向老师、父母汇报。
同学们,让我们携起手来共同努力吧!
谢谢大家!
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