1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
那是一个四季如春的小村庄里,一池纯白无瑕的白荷在徐徐清风中开得灿烂。碧色的荷叶如一柄柄巨大的团扇,环绕在白荷周围,一起一伏,叶边上凹凸有致,远观,完美得恰到好处。
碧绿的水面上忽然泛起了涟漪,一双白嫩如藕的小脚丫踩进了水中,一双小手在污泥中使劲地挖着。
“妈妈,快过来看,我挖到一个瓶子!”小孩叫着,白嫩的小手上捧着我——一只沾满污泥的瓷瓶,仔细看可以看出白色的瓶身。
闻声跑来的年轻妇人接过手中的我,仔细端详了一番,急匆匆地把我送到一个穿得有模有样的人手中。那人看见我,眼中仿佛射出几道光,像看到了一个绝世奇珍,赞许地点了点头。原来,我是一个唐朝的白瓷瓶。
辗转数日,我被安放在一块崭新的红绸布上,几个员工将我擦得一尘不染,漂亮的花瓶全部展现在世人面前。
“竞价开始!”一个身着笔挺西装的男子走上拍卖台,向喧嚣的人群喊到。台下的人群沸腾起来,随着人们的叫价声,我的身价变得越来越高。我的心情随着竞价的越来越激烈变得沉重起来。谁都有尊严,难道我是一个瓶子就可以这样待我吗?如果是这样,面对这些人,我也无话可说。最后,一个满口金牙,穿着豪奢的妇人,将我拍下。
我被装进盒子,在工作人员殷切的笑容中送到那个妇人手中。
如果瓶子也有眼泪,那一刻我将泪湿眼眶。
我是一只白瓷瓶,但我也有尊严。我历经百年,又来的人世间,只希望有一位知音人。为什么要用金钱这种肮脏之物来衡量我的价值?我只想,有一位真正能读懂我的人,用自己干净的心,去解开珍藏在我身上百年的艺术奥秘。而不是在富丽堂皇的的大厅里,被当作一件珍品,被人们观赏。我不喜欢这样,我厌恶世俗的眼光。我只想有一个人,把我当做知心朋友,去明白我的内心,仅此而已。为什么会是这样?愤怒,绝望,我在心底哭泣。如果时光可以倒流,我想回到那荷下污泥中去,安安静静过完一生,再也不愿被世人发现。
我挣扎着,逃出华丽的收藏架,重重地在地上摔成一堆洁白的碎片。如果要在世俗的眼光下苟活,我宁愿粉身碎骨。
为什么没有人能真正读懂我的内心?我渴望有人能读懂我,我只是渴望能被读懂。若轮回千年,我还是一只瓷瓶,我会等,等到那个真正明白我的人出现,用双手捧着我,细心呵护……
小路在脚下延伸,漂浮不定的脚步踏在石板,一颗落魄的心在此邂逅了那位英雄,轻微的风慢慢拂着。夕阳西下,残阳烧不过他的豪情,风又拂不灭我心的激情。
时光飞逝,扼着我的咽喉,让我喘不过气,人生不断在绕弯,路上却有起伏着可怕的绊脚石,与友交谈,分数不就是热点?双眼茫然的我,也只有看着别人扬扬得意,听着别人炫耀的口吻。可是,哪一句没有像针般扎在我的心,直到深处?背负这些却感到毫无动力。
周末。麻木的思维从题海中挣脱出来。走在石板路上,这里是我的童年。“哦!
前面不是有棵木棉?”心里想着,却被眼前的景象定格了视线。风撕裂叶与枝的脐带,叶被卷起,带着泪水,坠落地面,光颓颓的枝头失去生机,好似奄奄一息的老人,“这是木棉?”不敢相信我的眼睛,我仿佛听见它在哭泣,还是说他沉默着等待死亡?我不解。这时,阳光落下,七零八碎的落在地面,我分明知道木棉用他的身体,去无力的反抗。“不是这样的!”我不敢再面对,转身就起步……
有一个星期没有出门,我觉得我真是太可悲!每天不是做题就是辅导,压得我太难受,可是,这不是无可奈何?
迈出家门,出于本能,我决定去看木棉……火焰般的花朵,瞬间点燃了我的血液!没有茂盛的绿叶,有的是他坚挺的身姿,有力的枝木,承载着夺目的生命力,木棉花开了!不禁被眼前的景象震撼,好久回不过神,花开如此艳丽!风吹过,像火苗在跳动,周围持续升温,我已经感受到似火的傲气在我肩上手边环绕,花朵以一种坚韧与超然无限盛开。虽然没有一片叶子,但这恰恰正是生命的顶峰与续写!至命岂可背负太多!想到这里,我恍然大悟:生命不就是要以一种豪情与脱俗去战斗!为何要活的苦涩?被学业压着,压不断坚固的脊梁,压不断灵魂的支柱!我露出笑容,这样就太轻松了,太简单!就像落叶一般……
生命岂可被痛苦占据!人生天地间,若白驹过隙,人生也就那么点路,何必浪费在这些负担?因为一种洒脱与豪情,我读木棉开花的哲理,花开得如此豁达,人怎还会忧伤?
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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