2、分类别:运用了··的说明方法。对事物的.特征有条理性。
3、作比较:运用了··的说明方法。把---和---加以比较,突出强调了---事物的特征-
4、作诠释:运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征/事理加以具使说明更通俗易懂。
5、打比方:运用了··的说明方法。将__________比作__________,从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。
6、摹状貌:运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征加以形象化的描摹,写出了说明对象---的特点。使说明更具体形象。
7、下定义:运用了··的说明方法。将---定义为---。用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。
8、列数字:运用了··的说明方法。用---等数据。据对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更准确更有说服力。
9、列图表:运用了··的说明方法。用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更简明更直观。
10、引用说明:运用了··的说明方法。引用说明有以下几种形式—— 引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)
引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)
引用、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。
引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。 (引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用。)
无论是记叙一件事的多个侧面,还是通过几件不同的事来展现一个共同的主题,常常需要从多重内容和多个角度来写人叙事,表现人物和主题,这多重内容和多个角度之间构成并列关系,使文章有了层次感和厚重感,这就是最常见的并列式结构。如果是写一个人物,我们应该围绕人物的性格选择细节。人物性格是复杂的,往往有着多个侧面,那么,要展现一个人复杂的性格,就应该从两个或者两个以上的侧面去展现,以使人物形象更加丰满而立体。如《项链》中的玛蒂尔德,既有虚荣心极强的一面,也有自尊自爱的一面,作者通过借项链和丢失项链之后的两方面细节对比展开,展现出玛蒂尔德可恨可鄙又可敬可爱的两个侧面,使得人物立体丰满,栩栩如生。如果记叙文写作中需要围绕一个主题去叙述事实,我们依然可以采用这一章法,即用两个或两个以上不同方面的实例加以表现,通过小和大,名人和普通人,文艺界和体育界,物质和精神等等不同的方面的人物或事例,展现相同的主题或者主题的不同深度。如以“丰收”为主题的一篇作文,一位同学就选择了两位不同的人的.事例加以展现,一是选取了自己的舅舅因种植的西瓜又大又好而获得了“瓜王”的称号和后光荣回村的情节,展现新时代的农民物质上的丰收。接着又用自己在教师节那一天去看望老师,老师书房中满满一面墙上贴满了学生发来的贺卡,展现了辛勤耕耘的教师深受学生爱戴,从而获得精神上的丰收。这样从物质和精神两个层面共同展现出“丰收”的意义,给人深刻的启迪。运用并列式结构需要注意:并列的几个内容应各自独立,但又紧紧围绕着一个中心;并列的各个部分必须是平行的,注意不要出现交叉或从属。
(首)有一种光华,笼罩着中华民族的精神家园;有一种火苗,跃动在民族灵魂的奥林匹克山上;有一种烈焰,温暖了绵远的文明情思,那就是友善!
(尾)我们不能因为屡受伤害就失去与丑恶斗争的信心,因为我们需要守卫我们的精神火种――友善!(选自河南中考满分文《守卫精神的火种》)
①高尔基曾说过:“天才出于勤奋。”卡莱尔也说过:“天才就是无止境刻苦勤奋的能力。”只要我们勤奋不懈,勇于探求,那就会使自己变得聪明起来,就能在事业上取得巨大的成就。愿我们每一个人都能到“勤”的深刻含义,做一个勤奋者。
《说“勤”》
②“慎独”是一面盾牌,可助你抵御各种各样的诱惑,防范各色各类的“糖弹”;“慎独”是一盏明灯,可帮你照亮前行之路,明辫是非曲直;.“慎独”是一剂良药,可使你内心清朗,精神昂然。那么.就让我们用“慎独”警示自己,鞭策自己,踏实做事。坦荡为人,做一个道德高尚的人,使我们的社会更加文明,更加和谐。
--《小议“慎独”》
关于议论文结尾的多种多样,却也没有固定的模式。只要能够深化主题,使文章结构紧凑,完整严谨,表达有力,什么样的方式都可运用。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
综上所述,自强自立在个人成长和成材方面是非常重要的。雏鹰经过风和雨的洗礼,终究能成为一只展翅翱翔的雄鹰,靠的是自强自立的信念。DD《说“自强“》
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