常用的写作手法及作用:(对比、烘托、欲扬先抑、巧设悬念、以小见大、开宗明义、卒章显志、托物言志(即象征)、寓事于理、情景交融、夹叙夹议??)
(1)拟人手法:赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化,从而达到形象生动的效果。
(2)比喻手法:形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理。
(3)夸张手法:突出人或事物的特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。
(4)象征手法(托物言志):把特定的意义寄托在所描写的事物上,表达了??的情感,增强了文章的表现力。
(5)对比手法:通过比较,突出事物的特点,更好地表现文章的主题。
(6)衬托(侧面烘托)手法:以次要的人或事物衬托主要的人或事物,突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。衬托,同类事物衬托是“正衬”,相反事物衬托是“反衬”;以次衬主。
(7)讽刺手法:运用比喻、夸张等手段和方法对人或事物进行揭露、批判和嘲笑,加强深刻性和批判性,使语言辛辣幽默。
(8)欲扬先抑:先贬抑再大力颂扬所描写的对象,上下文形成对比,突出所写的对象,收到出人意料的感人效果。
(9)前后照应(首尾呼应):使情节完整、结构严谨、中心突出。
17、修辞方法及作用:
答题套路:这篇文章运用了XX的修辞手法,如“??(某一段话)”;运用了“XX”的修辞手法,使(能)“??”(套修辞作用)
注意:在写作时一定要结合文章的具体内容来写,否则就会很空。
附:常见的几种修辞手法的表达作用
(1)比喻:形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理,增强语言的生动性、形象性、化抽象为具体,使人易于理解。
(2)拟人:赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化,使之更形象,从而达到形象生动的效果。
(3)夸张:突出特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的.印象。
(4)排比:条理清晰,节奏鲜明,增强语势,长于抒情,使语言更有表现力,更有气魄。
(5)对偶:使句式整齐,结构一致,形式优美,音韵和谐,互相映衬,互为补充。
(6)反复:强调某种意思,更能突出文章主题,观点鲜明。抒情强烈,富有感染力。
(7)设问:自问自答,引人注意,启发思考。
(8)反问:态度鲜明,加强语气,强烈抒情。
(9)引用:使内容更真实、准确、深刻、精密。
(10)反语:增加讽刺意味,使表达更深刻,更有力度。
(11)对比:形成强烈反差,加强读者的印象,突出文章的中心。
比较法也是一种常见的论证方法,分对比与类比两种。
所谓对比,就是把正反两方面的论点和论据加以剖析对照,达到否定错误观点,树立正确论点的目的。
运用对比要注意所选取的“对体”的正与误、是与非、新与旧的区别要非常明显,要有突出的互相对立的关系;必须要对所要论述的对象的矛盾本质有深刻的认识;可以是人对人、物对物,也可以是纵向比较或横向对照。
当然,以上所概括的这几种论证方法,仅仅使用其中的一种,有时论述也会过于单薄。为强化说服力,许多议论文兼用多种论证方法。不过,使用多种论证方法一定要注意突出其中的一种,才会给人留下深刻的印象。
学校乃芊芊学子之所,必然聚集众多豪门子弟乃贫寒学士或家境一般之人。一所正规学校,学校人数少则几百,多则几千。若是一个贫寒学士一天生活费用5元之仅,一个家境一般之人一天生活费用20元之度,一个豪门子弟一天生活费用100元之宽,校内成百上千人,积水成河,以少变多,一天之内全校话费定会让你大吃一惊的吧!若是校园食堂伙食较差,且校内无水果,烧烤,小吃等售卖,那在校门口摆摊的或者开店的商贩可是每天都能大捞一笔。
我们学校门口是最佳赚钱地点,不仅仅是由于它是一个风水宝地,也是由于它刚好符合了学子们澎湃的内心。
我们中学门口乃全体非住宿生回家返校必经之路,也是下课后寄宿生走出校门的必经之路,它四面环绕一层绿色,由商店成排地修饰成了一条不宽不窄的阳光暖道。每到中午,下午,晚上放学等时间就成了学校门口最为拥挤的.时候,路边有卖橘子的老奶奶,有卖苹果的妇人,也有那每天可以看见的买糖葫芦的老爷爷。这时候,统统是他们赚钱的最佳时机,特别是住宿生晚上出来买几斤苹果,那个又来买几斤橘子,接来二去的不知他们卖掉了多少,只见框也开心的露出了笑脸,下午的时候经常听见那老爷爷的一句常话“便宜卖了啊”。无论是早上还是中午只见那些粉店,面包店成群结队地排着队,像一条蜿蜒的长龙甩出电门口,五元一张,五元一张地递过店主手里,只见装钱的桶里快要溢出,心中那是一万个羡慕。更为严重的是,一家卖砂锅粉的夫妇就在路边摆了个摊,没有门面,但去往那里的人却是络绎不绝,学子们宁愿花费几十分钟等候也不愿离去,钱币好像是纸做似的,一张一张得送到那学校门口商贩的手里,渐渐地,似乎人们也明白这个事实,所以,一些买烧烤的,糯米饭的,烧玉米的等等的也随之而来。
照此下去,几年之后,那对卖砂锅粉的夫妇极有可能因为我们学子而发家致富,从此过上幸福美好的生活。你们别不信,不然我们就等等看。
我可能猜得到,一个商贩一天能从我们手里赚去多少钱,低则几百,高则上千,甚至不止。所以说,我们学校门口是赚钱的最佳地点。
我们学校门口是最佳赚钱地点,且不劳不累不伤脑。
来我们学校门口赚钱,逆袭高富帅,迎娶白富美,助你走上人生巅峰。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
所谓类比,就是借助某个或某几个类似的故事、实例或写作者安排的情境,进行由此及彼的推理。
用于类比的事物大致有这么几种:古今中外的史实、神话传说、寓言、写作者自己创设的情境等。
运用类比要注意所选取的“类体”要同类,不能相对或相反;在类比之后要剖析,要善于揭示,一语破的,一刀见血。
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