《notre dame cathedral》 is one known far and wide romantic faction strength which victor hugo writes . i take advantage of this summer vacation free time, read this great work.
notre dame cathedral's story, actually was one at that time social epic poem, since brimmed with really. friendly. beautiful, also the flow selfish desire and is false. regardless of is good beautiful asmelada ,or has the ugly semblance, cacimodo with one pure mind, they represent the great amount the lower level populace which suppresses; perhaps is sinister coloud, he is appears by the theocracy face, all load bearing one kind of author's ponder.the author in this work, for with the clown, was beautifully friendly and wickedly does the best annotation, or take above three people as the example, the rebel asmelada has the beautiful semblance and the chaste good mind, as well as pitiful destiny, but cacimodo, he withstood destiny deceive nicely, the innermost feelings is his misery is graver, but coloud maintained the benighted social rights and interests, he had brutally. void mind and evil passion. good person physique hateful, but the evil person actually says the appearance shore however, bright set off, social unfair manifest.
but the article result also is when the opposition society until criticism: all beautiful is good all swallows by the might and the evil, the lower level people's weak strength in under the king power rule, in the benighted society, only can be reduced to ashes. was palatial notre dame cathedral, how many world tragedy testimony once, in hugo the novel, he as if had the life breath, he sheltered asmelada ,exposed coloud the crime, regret the populace attack the magnificent feat which dark actually heroically devoted...
another the question which is worth pondering is: who is the hero? asmelada or cacimodo? i think all is not, but is in the article by the louis 11 rank smell of blood suppression rather for sacreficed the populace gate, asmelada with cacimodo is not in them the representative, asmelada is loves with the beautiful symbol, cacimodo not many represents is unfortunate and the pain. but they, all suffer a tragic middle ages ignorant evil forces devastate, one each one painful soul is bleeding, flows the tear. merely is notre dame cathedral's above engraves " the destiny "? they are in middle ages france, despotism sacrificial victim.
the entire story rich tragic color, the plot intense is moving, exciting. author hugo through " notre dame cathedral " this story, but also disclosed at that time the dark society's essence to the people. this fascinating story likes that ccimodo clocks sound equally shocks several generation of readers' minds.
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的'是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1写给家人、亲戚,用your loving grandfather,lovingly yours,lovingly等;
(2写给熟人、朋友,用yours cordially,yours affectionately等;
(3写业务信函用truely yours(yours truely,faithfully yours(yours faithfully等;
(4对上级、长辈用yours obediently(obediently yours,yours respectfully(respectfully yours等。
i have never been to troy, but david maule made me feel as if i were standing on the high wall of troy, watching the fierce war. thanks to this british author, who adapted the famous homer’s poem into a lively story, i found it easier to understand this story. though the story happened over 3000 years ago in a remote place, i was deeply fascinated by it.
the mysterious plot is one of the reasons why i loved the story of troy so much, yet i am more interested in the human heroes of the war.
hector was the eldest son of king of troy, priam. he was not only a real hero of trojan, but was regarded the highest moral hero in greek classic by later historians. the war started because of the mischief of his brother, paris, whom he didn’t appreciate. however, since hector was the commander of the trojan army, he was obliged to fight with all force. it was really a tragedy that such a valiant man died in the duel with another great warrior, achilles.
it is natural to see death in a war. as a famous chinese parable says, “a life can be as slight as a piece of feather, or as weighty as mount tai.” sometimes, one’s glory walks hand in hand with one’s doom. achilles was such a typical person. his personal charm made the story of troy more attractive. he was so crucial because his every appearance in a war encouraged his fellow soldiers and terrified the enemies. actually, achilles was half-god who was almost invincible in people’s mind. that’s why his name was memorized long after his death.
besides the two great men, the wisdom of odysseus also proved him to be a great hero. he didn’t want to attend the war because he was happily married and had a lovely son. however, since his country was allied to mycenae, he had to take the command given by the king of mycenae. i’m quite sure that the story of the wooden horse is widely known, however, few people know who thought of the brilliant idea, that’s why i admired odysseus so much because he was the person who got the idea. thanks to the horse, the ten-year war came to an end at last. if you want to know how the wooden horse worked, just read the book.
the ancient greeks believed that the gods and goddesses also played important roles in the origin, process and ending of the whole story.
the story of the golden apple was such an example. when eris, the goddess of argument and disagreement, threw out the golden apple to a wedding ceremony on mount olympus, a dispute happened. hera, the queen of gods, athena, the goddess of wisdom, and aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, were all involved in the argument for the apple. none of them was willing to give way, so they turned to paris for a final judgment. tempted by aphrodite’s beauty and promise, paris handed the apple to her. to keep her word, aphrodite helped him to get helen, the most beautiful woman in the world, as his wife. that was the cause of the war.
paris’s choice obviously annoyed the other two goddesses. so during the war, they helped the greek alliance army while some other gods, such as apollo and aphrodite, guarded troy. when paris dueled with helen’s former husband menelaus, aphrodite saved paris when he was about to be finished off.
after the duel between those two people, there was a truce between the greek alliance and troy. however, both hera and athena were not happy to see it. hera pursued her husband zeus:“ now, will you send athena to make the troyjans break the peace?”(page 22 then with zeus’s permission, athena went down to start the war again and finally she brought the greeks to success.
from the whole story, we can see that in ancient greeks’ view, gods sometimes played a much more important role in their life. however, with the rapid development of science, we have learned that the greek gods never existed. this is why a recent movie of troy has not mentioned a single god. everything happened due to men’s ambition, love, loyalty or jealousy. with those emotion and people’s effort, we human beings can accomplish wonders and be master of the world.
god are of less importance than they used to be. nonetheless, the gods and goddesses made the story of troy more mysterious and marvelous.
i have learnt from the book more than the wonderful story of history, love and war. i believe that human can determine their destiny by their own. i highly recommend this book to my friends.
Dear Mercy,
亲爱的梅斯,
How is everything going! Last time you said you are anxious now because you find it hard to learn English well. Don’t worry. I think you have to improve your English step by step. And I will right behind you. In my view, you should develop you interest on English first. According to my experience, I think watching English movie, listen to some wonderful English songs and talk in English on the Internet would be helpful. Secondly, you have to prepare lessons before class that will help you understand what the teacher says in the class. I know you feel bored in the class, but you have force yourself to be concentrated. A few days later you will feel it a little easy to learn English. The left steps I will tell next time. By the way, we have not seen each other since your family move to Hunan a year ago. Have you ever thought about going back to visit me and learn English together in the coming Summer vacation. Looking forward to your reply.
过得可好。上次你说你现在很焦虑因为你觉得很难学好英语。别担心。我觉得要提高英语你得一步步来。我会帮你的。在我看来,首先应该要培养你对英语的兴趣。根据我的经验,我认为看英文电影,听美妙的英文歌曲以及在互联网上与他人用英语交流会有很大的帮助。其次,你要预习,这样可以让你理解老师在课堂上说的东西。我知道你觉得上英语课很无聊,但你必须强迫自己聚精会神的听。一段时间后,你会感觉到学习英语变得容易些了。剩下的步骤下一次我会告诉你的。顺便提一下,自从一年前你们家搬到湖南后我们就没见过面。你有没有想过暑假的时候回来看看我,我们可以一起学习英语。期待你的回复。
Best wishes,
Li
自1981年对外汉语专业招收了第一批本科学生后,过去的近40年间,全国陆续开设了对外汉语专业。截止2016年,全国已有近400所院校开设了汉语国际教育专业(2013年起,原对外汉语专业更名为汉语国际教育专业)。随着中国政经体不断发展以及中国国力不断强盛,“汉语热”已经成为了新时代的一个潮流,学习汉语的人数在海内外激增,一定程度上使得学习汉语国际教育的学生人数不断攀升,而学位论文是学生四年系统学习后,对个人学术能力,研究能力的总结。可见,学位论文对于汉语学习的重要意义。
如果一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用p.s.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。
注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。
通过前期研究,笔者遗憾地发现,该校汉语国际教育专业本科毕业生的论文存在以下两个问题:
(1)部分论文题目与对外汉语无关。这不仅表现为有高达19%的与教学完全无关联的题目(本文前文已经谈过,在此不再赘述),也包括一些文学作品赏析的论文,虽与专业相关,但是与对外汉语则毫无关系。针对此现象,笔者参考了论文开题前,该专业教师为学生们提供的可参考的论文题目,试图从中找出些许原因。经过笔者考察,在毕业论文开题前,该学院教师为学生提供了67个可参考的题目,其中涉及对外汉语教学的题目共48个,占72%,其余的28%归为其他类。但是若将其他类细化,其在一定程度上是与教学相关的,例如《语感培养与第二语言教学》、《汉语大赛与留学生的教学标准》、《论汉语方言与汉语国际教育教学的关系》。那么,我们大致可以确定学生们最后题不对专(论文题目与专业完全无关)的情况,与教师的引导,至少是在论文开题前的引导并无太大的关系。(2)与对外汉语相关的论文题目较为集中。虽然参与调查的82位学生中有近40%的学生撰写的毕业论文与对外汉语相关,但是仔细考察论文主题与内容却发现题目较为集中。例如,高达70%的论文主题与教学策略与偏误分析有关,而这样的现象与教师提供的'可参考题目应该有一定的关系。经考察,教师提供的论文题目有高达60%涉及偏误分析及教学策略。而当笔者深入分析教师提供的参考题目也发现,除了题目过于集中在某一研究领域外,也出现了个别题目太过空泛,例如《外国留学生汉字偏误分析》、《从汉字结构特点谈对外汉字教学》,这样的题目对本科生而言,太大、太空,不好把握,很难驾驭。当然,笔者也发现教师给出的题目对个别领域完全不予涉及的尴尬情况。在67个可供参考的主题中,竟然全集中在汉字、口语、听力的教学上,完全没有写作、阅读等题目可供参考。当然,教师提供的不是学生的必写题目,只是一种参考,但是试想,如果教师的可参考题目都严重受限于某几个领域,没有为学生打开思路,那么我们如何指望学生自己找到正确、合适的论文题目进行撰写呢?
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