从湖南某市一万多份作文的卷面来看,字迹完全看不清的多达500份以上,勉强看得清的占1/3,真正称得上美观的试卷只有3%。主要有三种情况:一是少部分同学对于汉字的书写特点没有掌握,不会写字;二是有些同学虽然态度端正,但由于平常没有注重练习,写出来的字不是东倒西歪,就是参差不齐,无法辨认;还有一部分同学字写得不错,但由于书写基础不太好,书写时缺乏耐心,以致字迹潦草。从评分看,书写分一般占4分,但它给作文带来的损失远不止这个分数,阅卷老师反映,对于无法看清的文章,评分是同类文章中最低的,60分作文评分一般在20—30分之间。相反,少数书写美观的作文,文章没有太大的特色,但评分往往比同等文章要高出2—4分。
财富是音乐,达芬奇、莫奈的财富是色彩,父母的财富是丰富阅历,我的财富是青春。青春包容了希望,包容了憧憬,包容了欢乐。
清水涟漪是鱼儿的'财富,广阔天空是鸟儿的财富。清水、天空、鱼儿、鸟儿是人类的财富。财富归工业主?否则他们怎能将清水污染,向空气排放毒气?财富归猎手?否则他们怎能将鸟儿捕尽、射死?财富归我?否则我怎敢安闲地呼吸着空气中的清新软气?生态环境是财富。财富到底属于谁?不仅属于我,更属于大家。为保护我的我们的财富做出努力吧。
我没有金银财宝,汽车洋房,也没有很多money存在银行,但是我拥有青春的友谊,装得下满满的一箱。它是人生最大的一笔财富,足够一辈子享用。青春的友谊是无私的、纯洁的,不带任何功利之心。它像一杯清香的茶,在若干年后,才发觉是那么地令人怀念。因为它,我珍惜自己的拥有;因为它,我的青春才不会显得寂寞;因为它,我就是全世界最“富有”的人。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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