一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的\'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
时间状语和地点状语,都是你的扩句好朋友,不信我们来看:
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money in their early ages.(时间状语
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money on luxurious purchases.(名词状语
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money on souvenirs.(名词状语
即使是状语,也可以通过叠加将句子变得更加丰满。有能力的烤鸭当然可以通过状语从句定语从句等等来让句子更不一样。
人的黄金时代其实并非黄金,人生的所有成功,固然是在青春时创造或奠定基础的;但人生的许多过失,也几乎都是青春时犯下或埋下伏笔的。所以,青春在包含许多优点的同时,也包含了许多缺点。青春时代优点和缺点都较突出。发扬优点,能创造无穷价值;纵容缺点,则只能酿造人生的苦酒。
请以“青春”为话题,写一篇作文。可以叙事,可以议论,可以抒情,文体不限。自拟题目。不少于800字。
吴先生毕业十年,尽管现在他已拿到国际认可的“项目工程管理”资格证书,但三个月前他应聘杜邦时,只有一张大专学历文凭和在几家外企担任过工程经理的经历证明。吴先生说,工程部经理对人的要求颇高,既要有技术、又要外语好,同时还要有很强的组织协调能力。由于是跨国大公司,待遇颇为优厚,想应聘这个工作的人并不少,博士、硕士都有,但最后还是他这个大专生胜出。为什么?原因就在于“老外”更看重的是一个人的实际能力,而不是纸上的东西,这想必就是知名跨国公司的用人规则。
请以“能力”为话题写一篇文章。可以写你的经历、体验、感受、看法,也可以写故事、寓言等。
要求:①文体不限。②题目自拟。③不少于800字。
第二次世界大战时,有两个人被关在纳粹集中营的一间狭窄的.囚室里,他们唯一能了解世界的地方,是囚室里那扇一尺见方的窗口。每天早上,他俩都要轮流去窗口眺望外面的世界。一个人总是愁苦地看着窗外的高墙和铁丝网,另一个人却总爱看窗外的天空,看蓝色天空中的小鸟自由地飞翔。半年后,前者因忧郁死在狱中;后者却坚强地活了下来,直到获救。
这个故事能引发你哪些联想,给你什么启迪呢?请以“窗外的世界”为话题写一篇文章,可以写你的见闻,你的体验,也可以写你的思考,你的想象;可以编述故事,也可以发表议论,抒发感情。
要求:(1)所写内容要与话题有关;(2)文体不限;(3)题目自拟;(4)不少于800字;(5)不得抄袭。
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