To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
“我才不会给你吃呢,不劳而获是可耻的,你要吃自己做啊!”
“可是我不会做呀!”猪八戒面露难色,“那我可以教你!不过,做蜂蜜也是要学问的,你要先学文化才行。”
为了能早日学会酿蜂蜜,猪八戒马上就去学校报名学文化了。青蛙校长看了看猪八戒说:“你是有名的‘猪懒惰’,我们才不收你呢。”然后他又去了‘蜻蜓学校’,‘兔子学校’,大家都拒绝收猪八戒做学生。
他难过极了,又去找小蜜蜂,小蜜蜂看他很有诚意,就说:“我单独给你开个学校吧。”猪八戒听了高兴极了。
刚开始的时候猪八戒很勤奋,每天按时上学,认真听课。可是过了几天,猪八戒就坚持不住了。经常迟到,旷课,上课时还呼呼大睡。上次他居然考了0分。蜜蜂老师把他批评了一顿,还说:“如果你再不努力,我就把你给开除了。”
猪八戒听了老师的话,又看了看试卷上的0分,决心好好学习。从此以后,‘猪懒惰’真的变成‘猪勤奋’了。这次考试还考了100分呢。
因果分析法,就是抓住论据所述的事实,并据此推求形成原因的一种分析方法。事出必有其因。我们可以依据事物发展变化的因果关系,由事物发展变化的结果,推导出产生这种结果的原因,从而揭示出一定的生活规律,使事例有力地证明观点。例如《近墨者黑》一文中引用“孟母三迁”这一事例后的一段分析:
为什么孟母初居墓旁,孟子便每天只会学哭呢?这是因为人有社会属性,一个人的发展方向与他所处的环境有直接联系,一个人的性格行为,不可避免地要烙上周围环境的印记。所以说,近墨者黑是一种很自然的`现象。
例文
心中的杠杆倾向于别人的人总是听从别人的意见,没有自己的观点,这样的人也很难在生活之中有所作为。如果总是听从别人的意见,失去了自我,那么这样的生活还是自己的吗?这还是属于自己的人生吗?只有他人的意见,而无自身观点,此谓失其本性,在人生的道路上,很难走出一条属于自己的成功大道。只有调整自己心中的杠杆,使之平衡,才会使自己的人生更加精彩,才会在自己晚年时,毫不犹豫地说出“我不后悔”。
(1 模版1
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
(2模版2
In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
(3模版3
Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
最近,我把孙悟空的七十二变神通给学会了。
爱信不信,因为我用时光机穿梭到了斗战胜佛孙悟空的住处,发现孙悟空正无聊地在数米饭粒。我就跟他说:“请你教我七十二变的神通吧。”
孙悟空看了看我,也许他真的是太无聊了,然后直接点头答应了。他开始像菩提祖师一样,教我七十二般变化。在这之前,孙悟空先教了我避火诀和防寒术,然后才教我七十二变。
等我把七十二变的神通掌握之后,又坐时光机返回了现在。
第二天,我跟同学们说起这件事的时候,同学们都大笑着说:“你就是一个吹牛大王。”
“简直是在白日做梦。”
“肯定是还没睡醒吧!”
……
看到他们一副打死都不信的样子,我只好演示给他们看。最后他们在极其羡慕中,相信了我说的话。
我是不是很厉害呀?你们相信我会七十二变吗?
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
星期天,我和小明、小红、小美几个人一起去公园玩儿。
小明说:“你们知道吗?上周我和多啦A梦一起去月球玩了一场游戏。”
小红撇嘴:“我还和孙悟空一起跳舞了呢。”
“去年,我和白雪公主一起过过生日。”小美低声说。
“你们都别吵啦。”我摆手阻止他们说,“你们应该都知道我每次写作文儿都拿第一名吧?想知道为什么吗?”
“为什么?”他们问,“是有什么秘诀吗?”
我说:“那是我发明了一种只用想就能出答案的本子。比如数学题不会做了,只要在脑子里想一想,本子上就会出现数学题的答案;如果作文不会写了,只要在脑子里把作文的题目想一下,本子上就会出现一篇完整优美的作文。所以,我现在做数学题和写作文都不发愁了,而且我的很多篇作文还发表了,光稿费就拿得我手软了。现在我是中国年龄最小的作家,你们羡慕不?”
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