1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
在学校,小光就会趴在桌子上打瞌睡。当!老师拍了桌子,小光才睁开眼睛。老是用凶巴巴的眼神瞪着小光,喝到作业呢?小光慌了手脚,说:在,在……在家呢!老师半信半疑的走开了。
在家里,小光也会早餐不吃,上校车。母亲察觉到有些不对劲,却自言自语地说:这孩子,饭不吃,牛奶不喝的上学,不仅变瘦了,还熊猫眼越来越明显!真不像话!到底晚上在干什么啊!毕竟期中考也快到了,这孩子或许在复习吧……自我安慰后,小光的母亲笑着继续干活了。
母亲越来越不忍心看见小光越来越消瘦不成人形的样子,便打算打电话给老师请老师减轻孩子的作业量。喂?张老师吗?我是小光的妈妈。小光的妈妈客气的说到。老师吃了一惊,说:小光的妈妈啊,你好你好,我正打算打电话给您呢!小光的妈妈问了老师是不是小光犯了什么错,老师才找她的,老实说:不不不,小光最近情况不佳,作业总是不做,塞在书包里,却骗我们说作业落在家了。不止这样,小光经常在上课时打瞌睡,请问这是怎么一回事呢?老师的`话把小光的妈妈吓了一大跳。讨论了一会,母亲觉得小光肯定在玩电脑,导致他心不在焉的。便打算审问小光。
回到家,小光被叫到父母的面前。小光的爸爸问小光是不是有这么一回事,小光只好乖乖认错。父母生气的批评小光。小关知道自己做错了,低着头,红着脸低头认错。父母说:小光,别怪爸爸妈妈没有提醒你,如果你再这样贪玩,我们就会把你的电脑搬走!
经过这次教训,小光开始努力读书,不再像以前那样沉迷于电子游戏。小光的成绩越来越好,每天也都保持着良好的饮食习惯,早睡早起。也给自己制定了适当的时间玩电子游戏。
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