专四常见现象类作文

专四常见现象类作文

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专四常见现象类作文

专四常见现象类作文【一】

1.时间顺序。即按照事理发展过程的先后来介绍某一事物的说明顺序。凡是事物的发展变化都离不开时间,如说明生产技术、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等等,都应以时间为序。

2.空间顺序。即按照事物空间存在的方式,或从外到内,或从上到下,或从整体到局部来加以介绍,这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。一般说明某一静态实体(如建筑物等),常用这种顺序,这样安排合乎人们观察事物的习惯,是最合理的顺序

3.逻辑顺序。即按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系,或由个别到一般,或由具体到抽象,或由主要到次要,或由现象到本质,或由原因到结果等等一一介绍说明。不管是实体的事物,如山川、江河、花草、树木、器物等,还是抽象的事理,如思想、观点、概念、原理、技术等,都适用于以逻辑顺序来说明。凡是阐述事物、事理间的各种因果关系或其他逻辑关系,按逻辑顺序写作最为适宜。

以上是说明文几种常见的说明顺序。针对不同的说明对象,我们应用不同的说明,但实际上这几种说明顺序也不是截然分开的,而常常是综合运用,只是以哪种说明顺序为主罢了。在考虑运用何各说明顺序时,既要注意客观事物本身的特点,又要遵循人们认识事物的规律。只有合理地运用说明顺序,才能使说明文的写作完成得更好

专四常见现象类作文【二】

传说很早以前,在冀州的南面、河阳的北面有两座大山,一座叫太行山,一座叫王屋山,山高万丈,方圆有七百里。

在山的北面,住着一位叫愚公的老汉,年纪快九十岁了。他家的大门,正对着这两座大山,出门办事得绕着走,很不方便。愚公下定决心要把这两座大山挖掉。

有一天,他召集了全家老小,对他们说:"这两座大山,挡住了我们的出路,咱们大家一起努力,把它挖掉,开出一条直通豫州的大道,你们看好不好?"

大家都很赞同,只有他的妻子提出了疑问。她说:"像太行、王屋这么高大的山,挖出来的那些石头、泥土往哪里送呢?"

大家说:"这好办,把泥土、石块扔到渤海边上就行了!再多也不愁没地方堆。"

第二天天刚亮,愚公就带领全家老小开始挖山。

他的邻居是个寡妇,她有一个七八岁的小儿子,刚刚换完奶牙,也蹦蹦跳跳地前来帮忙。

大家干得很起劲,一年四季很少回家休息。

黄河边上住着一个老汉,这人很精明,人们管他叫智叟。他看到愚公他们一年到头,辛辛苦苦地挖山运土不止,觉得很可笑,就去劝告愚公:"你这个人可真傻,这么大岁数了,还能活几天?用尽你的力气,也拔不了山上的几根草,怎么能搬动这么大的山呢?"

愚公深深地叹口气说:"我看你这人自以为聪明,其实是顽固不化,还不如寡妇和小孩呢!不错,我是老了,活不几年了。可是,我死了还有儿子,儿子又生孙子,孙子又生儿子;子子孙孙,世世代代,一直传下去,是无穷无尽的。可是这两座山却不会再长高了,我们为什么不能把它们挖平呢!"

听了这些话,那个自以为聪明的智叟,再也无话可说了。山神知道了这件事,害怕愚公一直挖下去,就去向上帝报告。老愚公的精神把上帝感动了,他就派两个大力神下凡,把两座大山背走,一座放到朔方东边,一座放到雍州南边。从此以后,冀州的'南面,汉水的北面,就没有高山阻挡了。

寓意:只要有顽强的毅力,坚定的决心,坚持不懈,奋斗不息,再大的困难也能够克服。

专四常见现象类作文【三】

【习作题目】

Students Grading of Their Teachers

1.学生给老师打分已很普遍;

2.人们对其持不同态度(肯定或否定的态度);

3.你的看法。

【习作解读】

显然,此任务是写一篇议论文,主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论,开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况,从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活,但有一定的语言难度,也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作,也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下,也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。

此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙,写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时,也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思,学会换位思考,这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。

【习作展示】

Students Grading of Their Teachers

Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.

If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.

In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.

【习作点评】

作者观点明确,赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师,就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样,不仅对学生、学校有利,而且对老师本人也有利。这样,老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己,看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可,这将是对自己的一次鼓励,为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高,老师就应进行反思,调控教学方法和教学态度。这样,教学质量肯定会提高。作

者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据,内容充实,贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用,是短文结构清晰,层次分明。最后,最值得一提的是,文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式,给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述,这是一篇不可多得的佳作,值得向大家推荐。

二、写作模板

此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下:

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ;Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people 

Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.

There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.

三、写作指导

写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象,然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响,最后提出解决问题的办法,或者得出结论,或者提出个人看法,或者预测前景。

论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张,论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据;论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说,议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多,但最常用的是因果分析法。即:分析事实与论点的因果关系,指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点,从而达到论证的目的。

在近几年的高考中,议论文的比重占得越来越多,议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样,有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型,但文体实际是议论文,而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是:

1. 观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。

2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然。

3. 最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想。

4. 一般采用一般现在时。

5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语。

四、巩固练习

1.【练习题目】

2010年上海世界博览会期间,上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作,请你谈谈对此现象的看法。

【参考范文】

During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.

It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.

Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.

In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?

2.【练习题目】

某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文,列举吸烟的危害,并提出建议。

【参考范文】

I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.

First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.

Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.

What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.

So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.

3. 【练习题目】近年来,越来越多的中学生出国学习,出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息,谈谈自己的看法。

1)良好的语言环境,更利于语言学习。

2)拓宽视野,学习国外先进的科学技术。

3)传播各民族间的不同文化。

参考词汇:媒介,中间人:mediator

【参考范文】

In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.

There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad.First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods.Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.

Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.

4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展,道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解,谈谈自己的观点。

【参考范文】

With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.

I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.

In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.

专四常见现象类作文【四】

常见的说明方法有举事例、分类别、列数据、作比较、画图表、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引资料等10种。写说明文要根据说明对象的特点及写作目的,选用最佳方法。

(1)举例子:举出实际事例来说明事物,使所要说明的事物具体化,形象化,更真切,以便读者理解,使内容具体、加强说服力,具体介绍知识的作用。 (举什么例子具体、真切、形象地说明了说明对象的什么)

(2)分类别:将被说明的对象,按照一定的标准划分成不同的类别,一类一类地加以说明,将复杂的事物说清楚,条理清析。  (对什么进行分类说明,条理清楚地说明了说明对象的什么)

(3)列数据:使所要说明的事物具体化,以便读者理解。使说明更科学,更准确,更具体。(列举具体数字科学、准确、具体地说明了说明对象的什么)

(4)作比较:把某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的'事物,用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来,说明对象的特点突出。(把什么和什么进行比较,突出了说明对象的什么特点)

注:在作比较的时候,可以是同类相比,也可以是异类相比,可以对事物进行“横比”,也可以对事物进行“纵比”。

(5)画图表:把复杂的事物说清楚,采用图表法,来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠,对有些事物解说更直接、更具体。(通过什么图表的展示,使读者对什么的理解更直接、更具体)

(6)下定义:用简明的语言对某一概念的本质特征作规定性的说明,能准确揭示事物的本质,使说明更科学、更准确、更精练、更严密。(给什么下定义,科学、准确、精练、严密地揭示了说明对象的内涵)

(7)作诠释:从一个侧面,就事物的某一个特点做些解释。

(8)打比方:利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较,以突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性,增强文章的趣味性。 (把什么比喻成什么,生动、形象地说明了说明对象的什么)

(9)摹状貌:使被说明对象更形象、具体。

(10)引资料:使说明的内容更充实具体。  (引用什么资料,更充实具体地说明了什么)

注:引资料的范围很广,可以是经典著作,名家名言,公式定律,典故谚语等。

专四常见现象类作文【五】

某大公司准备以高薪雇用一名小车司机,经过层层筛选和考试之后,只剩下三名技术最优良的竞争者。主考者问他们:“悬崖边有块金子,你们开着车去拿,觉得能距离悬崖多近而又不至于掉落呢?”“二公尺。”

第一位说。“半公尺。”

第二位很有把握地说。

“我会尽量远离悬崖,愈远愈好。”第三位说。

结果这家公司录取了第三位。

寓意:不要和诱惑较劲,而应离得越远越好。

专四常见现象类作文【六】

一般来说,改写后的文章,或许比原文更有趣;或许比原文更有新意……这样,被改写的文章读者看了才会产生较强的吸引力。如《我要的是葫芦》一文,文中种葫芦的人不听邻居的劝告,到了秋天,一个葫芦都没收到,这样的结果多令人惋惜呀?如果是你,你将怎样改变种葫芦人的命运呢?要么依旧,要么发生了翻天覆地的变化……但越符合人们的意愿越好!

专四常见现象类作文【七】

春秋时代,越国有一位美女名叫西施。她的美貌简直到了倾国倾城的程度。无论是她的举手、投足,还是她的音容笑貌,样样都惹人喜爱。西施略用淡妆,衣着朴素,走到哪里,哪里就有很多人向她行"注目礼",没有人不惊叹她的美貌。

西施患有心口疼的毛病。有一天,她的病又犯了,只见她手捂胸口,双眉皱起,流露出一种娇媚柔弱的女性美。当她从乡间走过的时候,乡里人无不睁大眼睛注视。

乡下有一个丑女子,不仅相貌难看,而且没有修养。她平时动作粗俗,说话大声大气,却一天到晚做着当美女的梦。今天穿这样的衣服,明天梳那样的发式,却仍然没有一个人说她漂亮。

这一天,她看到西施捂着胸口、皱着双眉的样子竟博得这么多人的青睐,因此回去以后,她也学着西施的样子,手捂胸口、紧皱眉头,在村里走来走去。哪知这丑女的矫揉造作使她原本就丑陋的样子更难看了。其结果,乡间的富人看见丑女的怪模样,马上把门紧紧关上;乡间的穷人看见丑女走过来,马上拉着妻、带着孩子远远地躲开。人们见了这个怪模怪样模仿西施心口疼在村里走来走去的丑女人简直像见了瘟神一般。

寓言启示:这个丑女人只知道西施皱眉的样子很美,却不知道她为什么很美,而去简单模她的样子,结果反被人讥笑。看来,盲目模仿别人的做法是愚蠢的。

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