读书笔记是人们在读书时为帮助记忆而写的一种应用文体。古人有条著名的读书治学,叫做读书要做到:眼到、口到、心到、手到。这"手到"就是读书笔记。自古以来,我国的文人、学者都很重视做读书笔记。做读书笔记既是消化书本知识的有效手段,又可以积累有用的材料,训练思维的逻辑性和条理性,提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。
做读书笔记,不重在看你写了多少篇,而重在看教师读书笔记的内容,所表现出来的读书反思、读书方法、读书经验和读书目标等。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
⑴论证方法(须为四个字
①举例论证(例证法 事实论据 记叙
②道理论证(引证法和说理 道理论据 议论
③对比论证(其本身也可以是举例论证和道理论证
④比喻论证 比喻(在说明文中为打比方,散文中为比喻
⑵分析论证过程:
①论点是怎样提出的;
②论点是怎样被证明的(用了哪些道理和事实,是否有正反两面的分析说理;
③联系全文的结构,是否有总结。
⑶论证的完整性(答:使论证更加全面完整,避免产生误解
⑷分析论证的作用:证明该段的论点。
①先 ( 从正反两方面 举出事例 , 然后得出什么结论 ( 或证明什么观点 。
②首先提出什么观点 , 接着用事例 ( 从正反两方面 进行论证 , 最后得出的结论 ( 或说明了的道理 。
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