在复活节假期中,忙着当空中飞人到处玩耍的我也在空余时间看了几篇英国散文。《论读书》,我之所以写它是因为让我惊奇地发现“为什么读书”这件事是任何时代每个国家的哲学家,思想家都在思考的问题。《论语》,《荀子》,《***选集》等等这些书,其中都有提到读书的重要性。今儿,让我们来看看西方的文人对这个问题的阐述,在其中你会有所共鸣,会有所思考,会对中西方文人思维特点有个对比。
关于《论读书》古罗马诗人奥维德在《女英雄书信集》中早说过“Abeunt studia in mores”意为一切学问都对性格有所影响。在我们的生活中,每件事每个经历甚至偶然间读过的某本书,这样的事情反复积累沉淀,造就了不同的我们。
《论读书》是弗兰西斯.培根的一篇散文作品,仅仅数百来字就把读书的妙用和读书的方法这两个问题说得非常透彻。培根在说到读书的\'用处时,既强调了其对立身行事,自我修养的帮助,又指出了书本知识的局限性,认为学问应当受到经验的规范。作者还对不同书籍提出了不同的读书方法:有些书浅尝即可,有些只须囫囵吞枣,少数须要细细咀嚼消化。这种对自我完善的渴求似乎反映出文艺复兴时代的“人文主义精神“——相信人的力量和人无限的潜力。
节选
Studies serve for delight, for ornament,and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring (独处和幽居之时; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhapsjudge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots (plan and marshalling of affairs (处理事务come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time instudies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to makejudgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of scholar(学者的癖性; they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for naturalabilities are like plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselvesdo give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in byexperience(若不以经验约束的知识则会不着边际.
Read not to contradict (否定 and confute (驳斥, nor to believe and takefor granted(想当然, nor to find talk and discourse, butto weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, andsome few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only inparts; others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, andwith diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy(由人代读, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in theless important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books arelike common distilled waters, flashy things (平淡无味的东西.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; themathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric(修辞学, able to contend: Abeunt studia in mores……
关于培根弗兰西斯.培根(FrancisBacon, 1561-1626,英国哲学家,散文家,生于伦敦,受教于剑桥大学三一学院。此后仕途一帆风顺,历任副检察长,检察总长,掌玺大臣等职位,但在1620xx年被指控犯有贿赂罪而削官为民。余生在文学和哲学创作中度过。蒲柏说他是“人中之俊杰,亦是人中之败类”。
其作品主要分为三类:哲学作品《Advancement of Learning》,法律职业的作品,文学类作品《Essays》,《History ofHenry the Seventh,1622》。
——《桃姐A simple life》影评
我很庆幸,在我情绪几近失控时,我遇到了《桃姐》,然后,狂躁怒吼的心因这部轻描淡写简单生活的简单电影,渐渐平伏下来,转而为戏里的点滴温情简单爱而感到小温馨小感动。
许多人都说《桃姐》是部催泪大片,可我在看这部戏时几乎没有流过眼泪,而我辩驳别人说我冷血无情的理由则是——许鞍华创作本片时应该不是刻意企图挤压观众的泪腺吧,本片基调是舒缓的、自然平实的,就像是一部关于老人院生活的纪录片(事实上本片也的确运用了大量的“类纪录”手持摄影镜头及拍摄真正住在老人院的老人家们),没有任何强烈的戏剧冲突,没有任何矫情做作的煽情戏码。然而,也许就是这种让观众能在戏里看到自己或身边人、引起强烈共鸣的生活流电影,才能做到情至深处,感人肺腑吧。
尾声结束后,关上电脑,往床上一躺,闭眼回想起那一幕幕似水流年。Roger带桃姐去看他的电影首映,散场后于街头携手漫步,一路乐呵呵地闲聊,昏黄灯光下,寂寥街道上,如母子相处的主仆俩的背影构成了一个颇具诗意与温情的镜头;经常出现的关于食物的镜头,在挑起我们食欲的同时更引发了我们对家常菜、对家人的思念,就像李安的影片所表达的那样,中国人“民以食为天”,饮食文化早已深深融入家庭文化中;老人院里,老人们寂寞孤独、眼神空洞呆滞的样子总能让我内心轻叹,待了解到某些镜头是真正在老人院取材拍摄时,则更加唏嘘不已了……我们多久没跟父母长辈一起屈膝长谈、漫步街道了,多久没回家吃暖心饭菜了,又有多久没询问关心过他们的身心健康了呢?想着想着,几滴眼泪划过脸庞,那是想念,也是愧疚,更是遗憾。
电影源于生活,戏如人生,人生如戏。许鞍华不愧是个富有经历而善于观察记录的导演,她能拍出生活气息浓厚的作品,如《天水围的日与夜》,如《桃姐》。但我想,在这个追求视觉刺激的大片时代,要经历过某些事情的观众才能被她平淡是真的作品打动吧。若是一年前看,我的感触或许不至于那么深,而现在,我止不住去将戏里人物与我及我的身边人一一对号入座,思绪回转间,懂了该去做些什么,也知道我就如Roger阻止不了桃姐的逝去那样,有些事情我永远也做不了了……
罢了,言归正传吧。许鞍华的电影总有许多影射现实的情节,在《桃姐》里亦然,所以带着探索心的观众总能在本片里找出某些或会心一笑或发人深思的情节安排。最让我觉得意味深长的莫过于桃姐住的老人院在中秋节的那段情节——女艺人唱完歌后甜美的笑容瞬间变成不耐烦;拍摄完毕后,摄制人员从老人手里收走月饼,原来那只是要循环使用的道具;老人们以为终于“应酬”完后先是松了口气,而后听到还有人要来探访时却是叹气但又不得不继续强颜欢笑。不过许鞍华可不是位爱说教的导演,她由始至终都只是用摄像机静静地拍摄记录下这些画面,不会激昂批判些什么,也不会端起架子告诉观众正确答案是什么,一切都让观众去思考、去探讨,更富有予人启发的意义(比起某些高高在上说教式的内地电影,的确更有观众缘)。
不过《桃姐》有三点让我些微失望之处,一是戏里对电影行业的描述挪揄似乎有点多了,虽然ROGER是个混电影圈的.,虽然像刘德华与徐克、洪金宝饰演的导演监制唱双簧拿追加投资这样的情节挺有趣的,但不得不说有淡化主题的嫌疑;二是结尾平淡过头,结束过快,虽然本片就是那个温情内敛的范儿,但桃姐的去世如此草草收场,大家如此平静地面对,甚至时长还及不上开头ROGER坐火车那段可有可无的戏,总让经历过类似事情的我内心有些说不出的堵;三是内地演员表现平平得来还有些“搭配不当”,看王馥荔和刘德华的对手戏时,实在是感受不到一丁点母子情啊,秦海璐算是女配角吧,但她的存在感偏弱了,跟叶德娴一比,简直连花瓶都称不上。所幸的是,影片的主心骨叶德娴演技实在了得,举手投足、眼角眉梢之间,便把一个有血有肉、情深义重的桃姐形象给塑造出来了,完全打破她在我记忆中那个《与狼共舞》《黑马王子》《新少林五祖》中大大咧咧老不正经的妇人形象;刘德华及其他演员的表演亦是洗尽铅华、返璞归真,仿佛就是生活中真实存在之人,更为这部质朴温暖的电影锦上添花了。
然而瑕不掩瑜,如此一部能够让中国乃至全世界的观众更懂得中国人传统亲情的感人佳片,《桃姐》斩获多项大奖,代表香港电影选送冲击奥斯卡最佳外语片奖,的确实至名归。关于《桃姐》,我还想说得更多,无奈时间有限,我还得去研究写出一个老人题材的剧本。总而言之,每个人都值得去观赏这部描绘简单生活简单爱的简单电影《桃姐》,因为每个人身边都有一个桃姐,有一个爱你如生命的平凡而伟大的亲人,一个你应该懂得感恩珍惜的亲人!
说句题外话:从现实角度来说,假如这部戏不是许鞍华执导,没有刘德华这个大腕坐镇,没有保利博纳公司的保驾护航,这部戏能不能拍出来都是个未知数,更无论口碑票房俱佳了。所以说啊,就算是许鞍华这种才华横溢的文艺片导演,假如没有商业搭对台,唱得再好的文艺戏总体价值也说不上多高。衷心希望,通过《桃姐》这部叫好又叫座、摆脱文艺片怪圈的电影的成功,许鞍华能更懂商业运作对电影的作用,好好利用,借此东风呈现给更广泛的观众更多有想法有意义的诚意佳片,毕竟像她这样一直坚持严肃创作、坚决不拍商业烂片的导演真是越来越少了……
People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.
My preference depends on the purpose of the travel. On a summer vacation I travel to refresh myself and to see the countryside. When I use my feet and walk on a grass covered path along a river or among the hills I feel detached from the noise of the city and closer to the nature. And when I travel on foot I get more freedom. I can plan my own schedule. I can choose my own route. I can stop where I like. And I can see things and people that I might miss if I travel on a train or on a bus. net
When faster and more convenient ways for travel are becoming available, I still favor using my own feet. I get much pleasure from it. People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.
Confucius loved and respected the art of cooking. He established culinary standards and proper table etiquette. Most of these are still considered to be the standards even today. The tradition of cutting foods into bite size pieces during preparation is unique to the Chinese culture. The use of knives at a Chinese dinner is considerd poor taste. Confucius taught that good cooking depends on the blending of various ingredients and condiments rather than the taste of the individual elements. He believed that in order to become a good cook one must first be a good matchmaker. The flavors of the ingredients must be blended with harmony. Without harmony there is no taste. He also stressed the use of color and texture in preparing the dish. Most certainly Confucianism helped elevate cooking from a menial task to the status of an art, "the art of Chinese cooking." Taoism was responsible for the development of the hygienic aspects of food and cooking. The principle objectives of this philosophy were people's wish for longevity. In contrast to supporters of Confucianism who were interested in the taste, texture and appearance, Taoists were concerned with the life-giving attributes of various foods. Over the centuries the Chinese have explored the world of plants, roots, herbs, fungus and seeds to find life-giving elements. They discovered that the nutritional value of vegetables could be destroyed by improper cooking and that many items had medicinal value. For example, ginger, a favorite condiment, is also used to soothe an upset stomach and as a cold remedy.
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