读书笔记分为摘录笔记、提纲笔记、评注笔记、心得笔记四种。
摘录笔记就是把所读文章的好句子、好材料摘录下来的笔记。这种笔记有的同学小学时就做过,但是坚持下来的人很少。摘录笔记做多了,经常读一读,对于提高我们的语言表达能力很有帮助,在时可以参考、模仿,有的甚至可以直接引用。
提纲笔记就是把所读文章的要点归纳记录下来的笔记。它对于我们阅读分析很有帮助,也有助于我们提高作文的构思能力。
如果所读的书是自己的书,还可以在书的空白处写下自己看法、疑问、评论等,也可以做一些记号。这就是评注笔记。它会加强我们对文章的理解、记忆,作文时如果要参考、模仿渡过的文章,有没有做过评注的,效果大不一样。
心得笔记简单的就是扼要地写一写读书的心得,可以不过多考虑格式,把心得记下来即可。上一讲我们说找文章的“眼睛”,实际就是一种心得,你把它记录下来,不用过多地展开议论,这就是心得笔记。
广义地讲,读后感也是心得笔记之一,但人们一般都把读后感独立地提出来讲解和练习。我们也这样做。
Dear Mr.
Please accept my resignation as associate chemist at the GERT Institute. I plan to leave my job here on September 30, 19–, taking a few days of annual leave just prior to that effective date. As you know, my primary interest has been in the oil and gas industry. Therefore, I’ve accepted a position with Fury Refining, Inc., that should put me back in touch with my “first love.” Although I’m eager to accept the challenges in this new position, I regret leaving the institute. You and the organization as a whole have treated me very well over the past three years. I won’t forget the friendship and professional growth I’ve experienced as an employee here. Best wishes to all of you for years of expansion here.
Sincerely,
读后感的概念有两重含义:一是真实的、不受任何约束的读后感,二是一种作文的体裁,时要接受各种条件的约束。初中语文课本第一册163页的例文《说胆》以及下面这篇读后感,就接近于第一种读后感。写这种读后感,主要是给自己看的,一定要真实,有什么感想(当然感想应当有意义,值得一写)就写什么感想,与心得笔记不同,它要展开来写,尽量像一篇文章,尽量写得生动、实在、深刻。一般应当写清楚读了什么,有什么感想,联想到了什么,对自己有什么作用等。它不追求文体、格式框框,写起来也可长可短。
在读过一篇文章或一本书之后,把获得的感受、以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来,写成的文章就叫“读后感”。
读后感的基本思路如下:
(1简述原文有关内容。如所读书、文的篇名、作者、写作年代,以及原书或原文的内容概要。写这部分内容是为了交代感想从何而来,并为后文的议论作好铺垫。这部分一定要突出一个“简”字,决不能大段大段地叙述所读书、文的'具体内容,而是要简述与感想有直接关系的部分,略去与感想无关的东西。
(2亮明基本观点。选择感受最深的一点,用一个简洁的句子明确表述出来。这样的句子可称为“观点句”。这个观点句表述的,就是这篇文章的中心论点。“观点句”在文中的位置是可以灵活的,可以在篇首,也可以在篇末或篇中。初学写作的同学,最好采用开门见山的方法,把观点写在篇首。
(3围绕基本观点摆事实讲道理。这部分就是议论文的本论部分,是对基本观点(即中心论点)的阐述,通过摆事实讲道理证明观点的正确性,使论点更加突出、更有说服力。这个过程应注意的是,所摆事实、所讲道理都必须紧紧围绕基本观点,为基本观点服务。
(4围绕基本观点联系实际。一篇好的读后感应当有时代气息,有真情实感。要做到这一点,必须善于联系实际。这“实际”可以是个人的思想、言行、经历,也可以是某种社会现象。联系实际时也应当注意紧紧围绕基本观点,为观点服务,而不能盲目联系、前后脱节。
以上四点是写读后感的基本思路,但是这思路不是一成不变的,要善于灵活掌握。比如,“简述原文”一般在“亮明观点”前,但二者先后次序互换也是可以的。再者,如果在第三个步骤摆事实讲道理时所摆的事实就是社会现象或个人经历,就不必再写第四个部分了。
My favorite sports star------ Sun Yang
Born on December 1, 1991 in Zhejiang Province, Sun Yang is very tall and the height is 1.99 meters. He was from a sports family.
He won the China's first gold medal in men's swimming game. He worked a miracle. Sun Yang is not only gifted but also diligent. He keeps training and has tenacious willpower; these are worth learning by other people. Sun Yang is a new frontrunner at the sports worlds.
Sun Yang is very popular with the young. He is adorable, charming, childlike and cool. He is kind and has the vigor of youth, and he is a little shy. But Sun Yang is easy-going, always with a smile on his face when he faces our. He sings well and sounds beautiful. To my surprise, he likes dolls very much.
Sun Yang sets us a good example, and Sun Yang has set a new world record of swimming, of which the whole country’s people are proud
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