四级英语很快就要到来了,英语是占据重要的部分,快来看看下面的范文及写作指导吧。
下面请看一篇漫画式命题的作文预测题:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should express your views on the impact of air pollution. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考模板范文】
The Impact of Air Pollution
The cartoon vividly reveals the phenomenon of air pollution or the decline of air quality. In the cartoon we can see the air pollution is so serious that the earth can't bear it.
What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Possible reasons can be listed as follows: firstly, vehicle exhaust gases could be one of the most leading causes. With the improvement of economy and people's living standard, urban inhabitants in mounting numbers own their private cars. More automobiles will inevitably generate more exhaust gases. Additionally, household appliances widely used in cities also release a great amount of carbon dioxide gases, which further intensifies air pollution. Last but not least, many factories around the cities emit large quantities of untreated poisonous gases, which should also be responsible for the decline of air quality.
Definitely, air pollution will exert a detrimental impact on many aspects of people's life. For example, many diseases such as cough, skin problem and lung cancer are caused by it. Perhaps it is high time that we should adopt some measures to solve the problem of air pollution.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后,考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,简要描述一下漫画内容,并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意,是手段而不是目的,所以描述要简洁明快,一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是,写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题,但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述,因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段:表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的重心所在。比如,就第一道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段:指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义,或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是,结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析,其主要作用是总结和升华,使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要,点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的\'第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的核心段落,也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此,考生在这一段要浓墨重彩,写深、写透。在写这一段时,考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理,避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落,笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法,希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时,考生可以从2~3个方面对观点展开论述,这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如,本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性,考生就可以从以下两个方面展开:第一,相对于电子媒体,文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二,阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious: It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature, we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition, literature is the mirror of society,whether it be poetry, drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明,那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法,即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如,对于本次四级作文的第三道题目,考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时,只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能,才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推,无论做任何事情,只有掌握了基本的技能,才可能取得更大的成功。此外,考生还可以举出统计数字,用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem, basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting, dribbling and passing are not mastered,learning advanced skills will become difficult, if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading, writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
The Role of Mobile Phone in People's Communication
The popularity of smartphones has exerted great influence on the way people communicate, so much so that an increasing number of individuals contend that face-to-face communication is being replaced by texts and images on the mobile phone.
There are more than one angle to consider this phenomenon. On one hand, it is pleasantly acknowledged that smartphones shorten the distance between families and friends. Even people from different sides of the globe can share pictures, feelings and thoughts through various types of apps on the phone, thus building a long-distance connection. On the other hand, as the picture warns us, too much smartphone addiction interferes with people's real-life communication. Statistics show that over 70 percent of face-to-face communication consists of facial expressions and body language, which is why people should stay away from mobile phones when they have the chance to actually talk and communicate with others.
In a word, mobile phones act as an appropriate platform where people can always stay in tough however long the distance is, but a wise man should know when to put down his phone.
1、分析论证方法的作用:作用二个要点。具体如下:
①、举例论证:通过举具体的事例加以论证,从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。 格式:使用了举例论证的论证方法,举……(概括事例)证明了……(如果有分论点,则写出它证明的分论点,否则写中心论点),从而使论证更具体更有说服力。
②、道理论证:通过讲道理的方式证明论点,使论证更概括更深入。
格式:使用了道理论证的论证方法,论证了……了观点,从而使论证更概括更深入。
③、比喻论证:通过比喻进行证明,使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。
格式:使用了比喻论证的论证方法,将……比作……,证明了……的观点,从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。
④、对比论证:对比论证的作用就是突出强调。
格式:使用了对比论证的论证方法,将……和……加以比较,突出强调了……的观点。
⑤、引用论证:引用论证比较复杂,这与具体的引用材料有关,有引用名人、格言警句、权威数据、名人佚事、笑话趣闻等各种情况,其作用要具体分析。如引用、格言警句、权威数据,可以增强论证的说服力和权威性;引用名人佚事、奇闻趣事,可以增强论证的趣味性,吸引读者下读。
格式:使用了引用论证的论证方法,通过引用……证明……的观点,使论证更有说服力。(或更有趣味性,吸引读者下读)
2、分析论据的类型和作用:论据可分为道理论据和事实论据二种类型答题要点二个方面:
(1)、明确论据类型;
(2)、具体分析作用。这个题目就其实质是考查论据与论点的关系,无论是与中心论点与分论点的关系,都是证明与被证明的关系,所以,规范性答题格式如下:
这是……论据,在文中起着证明……(论点,如如果有分论点,则写出它证明的分论点,否则写中心论点。)
补充论据作为一种新题型正在流行,做这种题目,注意以下二个方面:
(1)、看清楚要求补充的论据类型,即看清楚要求的是名言还是事例;
(2)、补充名人事例要注意字数限制。当然,作为应考,可以准备“勤奋”、“处世”等常见主题的名人事例和名言。名言字数要少,事情要熟悉,不要为求新而准备那些较长名言或不熟悉的名人事例。
3、文章提出中心论点的方式:
①、文章标题点明中心论点;
②、文章开头提出中心论点;
③、文章结尾归纳出中心论点;
④、文章中间用某个承上启下的句子提出中心论点。
⑤、文章没有直接提出中心论点,但始终围绕……展开论述。
4、分析文章的论证思路
首先应该了解一般议论文的结构:提出问题(引论)——分析问题(本论)——解决问题(结论)。
分析议论文的论证思路,其实,就是在段落层次的基础上加上一些诸如“首先”、“然后”、“接着”、“最后”一类表承转启合关系的词语。做这个题目,尤其要注意开头结尾的表述。
开头的内容有:
(1)、提出中心论点;(2)、引出论题;以上二个方面,要具体回答出提出中心论点或引出论题的具体方试,有的是通过名人名言、有的是通过名人佚事、有的是通过趣闻笑话等。
结尾的内容:
(1)、深化中心论点,提出……的结论;
(2)、重复或强化……的中心论点;
(3)、发出……的号召或劝勉人们……;
(4)、补充论证了……。(有时候会考查这方面作用,其作用是使论证更严密。)
做这个题目,就是把文章的引论、本论、结论具体化地陈述出来。
5、议论文语言特点分析:
议论文语言特点分析的角度比较固定,只有二个角度:(1)语言特点;(2)语体特点。做这类题目,要掌握语言风格一些关键词:简明平实、形象生动、幽默风趣、含蓄委婉、富有文采等)。而语体特点,就是抓信逻辑严密四个字做文章就可以了。一个应特别注意的事项就是做这类的题目一定要有具体文句支撑,也就是用文章中的.具体例句为例子进行分析。
6、议论文写作特点分析
议论文写作特点分析的角度比较多,如修辞手法、论证方法、写作手法等
1)、修辞:如比喻,可结合比喻特点谈,那就是形象生动;如排比,增强了文章论证的气势;如引用古诗文,使文章富有文采等。
(2)、论证方法:参考论证方法的作用谈。
(3)、写作手法比较固定,常见的就是:(1)、举例论证与道理论证相结合(夹叙夹议);(2)、以……论证方法为主。同样,做这类的题目一定要有具体文句支撑,也就是用文章中的具体例句为例子进行分析。
7、文段结构作用:
(1)、引出(全)下文;(2)、总结前(全)文;(3)承上启下。
作为议论文段的作用,必须结合文体特征具体加答。
如开头段作用往往起着引出中心论点(论题),那么,我们可以参考下面的二个具体答题规范格式的例子使用或变通使用:
①、开头通过写……的事例,提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题)。
②、开头通过引用名言,提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题)。
③开头通过引用名人趣事(或……的奇闻趣事),提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题),也起到吸引读者下读的作用,增强了论述的趣味性。
8、能结合具体语境理解一些关键性的语句在文中的含义及作用。)
依题探点:
《过有理想的生活》(07年中题)(内容略)设四道题。
1、本篇文章的中心论点是什么?主要论证方法是什么?
(知识点3:文章提出中心论点的方式,提炼或概括文章的论点;知识点1:论证方法及作用。)
2、第⑤段在文中起何作用?
(知识点7:文段的结构及作用。)
3、谈谈自己对画线句子的理解。
(知识点8:能结合具体语境理解一些关键性的语句在文中的含义及作用。)
4、请为文章某段某处补写一个与上下文连贯的事实论据。
(知识点2、分析论据的类型和作用。)
Everyone may encounter a scene when he or she wonders what the meaning and purpose of life is. Answers to this question vary from person to person. As for me, I agree with the view that the meaning of life is to discover your gift and the purpose of life is to make the best of it.
On one hand, one's gift could be the source of his inner happiness, providing spiritual impetus and correct orientation. Take the world-renowned Chinese pianist Lang Lang as an example. His gift was noticed before he was 3 years old, which laid the foundation of his glorious life. On the other hand, proper use of talent helps people to realize their value in a positive way, thus making contribution to the society as a whole. For instance, Isaac Newton made a universally amazing discovery by digging into his gift and finding the Newton's law of gravitation.
In conclusion, let's search for our true gift and utilize it to the fullest to achieve a happy and valuable life.
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look! As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of money to the local people.
However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life. The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists. It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony on Oct. 1st. The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment. Another problem is the traffic jam caused by so many tourists.
Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe problems. The local tourist authority should set up relative laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey the laws and help to make the places of tourist more beautiful!
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.