昨夜饮茶过度,睡意全无,读罢钱老(钱钟书之作《一个偏见》,正值丑时三刻,鄙人浮想联翩,几生幻想……“偏见”,并非站在比萨斜塔上张望(玩笑话,而是对客观事物的某种主观认知。具有偏见,说明有独到的思想见解,就胜于人云亦云之流。
鄙人倒有一套自己的“偏见”。何谓“偏见”,成见乎? 非也非也。“偏见”乃是蕴藏真理之思想,具有主见之凭证,不苟同于他人之行为,且非它也。
众所周知,早在公元前 340 年,希腊哲学家亚里士多德就认为地球是静止的。公元 2 世纪,这个思想被托勒密的“地心说”所代替,并被基督教会接纳。然而,1514 年,波兰教士尼古拉·哥白尼破天荒地提出了一个“偏见”——“日心说”(这当然是建立在近十年天文观测和研究的基础之上的,由此,“地心说”的理论开始逐渐宣告死亡。
由此可见,一个“偏见”可以产生一种理论,一个“偏见”可以改变人的一生,一个“偏见”可以推动人类文明的进程。
“日心说”在 16 世纪之前是个“偏见”,尽管它的提出推动了天文学的发展,现在看来也依然是个偏见——太阳并非宇宙的\'中心。哥白尼凭着对宇宙有限的认知程度而提出“日心说”,此大谬也。
“地球、太阳乃至银河系,都不是宇宙的中心”——这是如今科学的说法。然而,史蒂芬·霍金在其著作《时间简史》中说道:“在一个无限的宇宙,每一点都可以认为是中心,因为在它的每一边都有无限颗恒星。” 并且,人类目前并未真正掌握宇宙的轮廓、结构,尽管宇宙中存在光谱的红移现象,也很难排除万有引力定律的干扰,又如何去证实“地心说”与“日心说”的荒谬所在呢? 难道它们完全没有正确的可能性吗? 也许在若干年后,“地球、太阳乃至银河系,都不是宇宙的中心”这句话又是一个偏见。
我们在对未知事物的探索与研究中的确需要一些偶然因素,正如第一颗小行星的意外发现,一个当时被看作是“偏见”,却可能是引燃真理的一簇小火苗。
“偏见”,并非智者的专利,它广泛地存在于人们的思想意识中。“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。”你我都可以是畅想家和预言家,因为我们都多少有一些“偏见”。留下的,是用行动去努力验证它、支持它,然后就请岁月来检验它吧。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
人们有不同的家庭环境、文化背景、生活经历以及不同的人生观和世界观,造成了个体的.差异性。然而,大多数人看世界,总是从自己的角度出发,以自我为参照,生活中就容易因此而造成人与人之间的相互误解,于是就有了一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特的说法。
怎样才能消除误解呢?
消除误解,首先要分析产生误解的人是什么类型的人。有人固执己见,有人通情达理。对前者,要说服他们放弃偏见往往是不现实的,但只要自己问心无愧,又对工作生活无大妨碍,完全可以不必多作解释。这类人注重事实,当事实证明一切后,误解自然就消除了。对后一种人采用适当有效的沟通方法,基本上能达到消除误解的目的。
有效的沟通方法主要包括以下几点:
1、时间。一^般是越早越好,最好是在误解刚产生之时,这时人的看法往往是摇摆不定的,哪种意见占多数,就容易偏向哪一边。
2、场合。场合很重要。谁都要面子,有时明知自己不对,但在大庭广众之下,为了维护面子,也要强词夺理,争个输赢;还有人脾气暴躁,也不适合在众目睽睽之下与他争辩。
3、方式。如何实现由误解到沟通,不可不注意方式。有人性格外向,坦诚直率,就宜开门见山,以诚相待;有人生性内向,喜怒不形于色,就不妨含蓄一些,点到为止。
4、态度。消除误解时的态度需要诚恳,且不可过多指责对方的错误,更不要逼对方承认错误。待人要宽容,要允许别人有不同的甚至错误的意见或看法,这才是做人立于不败之地的根本所在。
俗话说:人间自有真情在。当我们最终消除误解达到相互谅解和理解时,自己的生命也会变得美丽。采取正确的方式消除人与人之间的误解,对于自己和别人都有好处,何乐而不为呢?
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
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