1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
议论文在结尾处如果能巧妙照应开头,一呼一应,首尾圆恰,读来便能气韵流畅,既能体现视觉上的和谐对称,又能体现思维上的起承转合、严密周全。以2014年广东高考佳作《数码时代更能唤起珍贵的记忆》为例:
开篇写道:有人曾指出,科技发达的今天,人生过得越来越索然无味。人们纷纷怀念起黑白胶片的时代,以为它能收集人生值得珍惜的瞬间。然而,愚以为,数码时代的技术,更能唤起许多永不褪色的记忆。
结尾写道:数码技术的时代,同样能够唤起人们永不褪色的记忆。让我们用手中的数码相机,记录下生活中值得珍惜的点滴。
起笔有铺垫,落笔有照应,浑然一体,首尾呼应,结构完整。
好的议论文不仅对现实问题有关注有思考,还能提出自己的见解,或强烈咏叹,或呼吁号召,以促使人们自我超越,战胜困境。以这样的文字结尾,能唤起读者共鸣,给人以激励和鼓舞,彰显的现实意义。如2014年海南高考高分作文《授之以渔摆脱依赖》,作者从材料中的野生动物丧失觅食能力这个角度立意,从中提炼出“授之以渔摆脱依赖”的观点,符合题意且颇有新意。行文最后,作者这样作结:
授之以渔,为后辈指示一条明路。放手任其经受风雨的洗礼吧,摆脱依赖,独自行走。让一路的累积成看破红尘的睿智,一路艰辛铸就成风雨不惊的平稳。最后,当他站在路的尽头,即使没有轰轰烈烈,也能笑对命运,不留遗憾。
结尾处发出了强有力的号召,无疑增强了的现实意义,既有以理服人的一面,也有以情感人的效果。
结尾的方法也不止以上几种,还有诸如“巧妙留白,余韵绕梁”“回应标题,点题点旨”等,上面列举了几种常用的方法,希望对大家有所帮助。
综上所述,自强自立在个人成长和成材方面是非常重要的。雏鹰经过风和雨的洗礼,终究能成为一只展翅翱翔的雄鹰,靠的是自强自立的信念。DD《说“自强“》
、经典语句,是经过时间沉淀下来的思想、情感与语言合一的精粹,善于在结尾处引经据典,既能有力佐证自己的观点,又能借精彩助阵,达成自身的精彩,让人眼前一亮。如2014年浙江高考佳作《愿赤心长留》的结尾:
童心之贵,贵在其真、其柔、其善。人的\'成长会失去许多,却不应失去最本身最纯净的赤子之心。就像埃斯蒂斯所说的:“我们不是要一下子拯救整个世界,但我们可以伸出手去挽救触手可及的部分。”我愿这赤子之心,可长存你我周围,更长存于你我心间。
①高尔基曾说过:“天才出于勤奋。”卡莱尔也说过:“天才就是无止境刻苦勤奋的能力。”只要我们勤奋不懈,勇于探求,那就会使自己变得聪明起来,就能在事业上取得巨大的成就。愿我们每一个人都能到“勤”的深刻含义,做一个勤奋者。
《说“勤”》
②“慎独”是一面盾牌,可助你抵御各种各样的诱惑,防范各色各类的“糖弹”;“慎独”是一盏明灯,可帮你照亮前行之路,明辫是非曲直;.“慎独”是一剂良药,可使你内心清朗,精神昂然。那么.就让我们用“慎独”警示自己,鞭策自己,踏实做事。坦荡为人,做一个道德高尚的人,使我们的社会更加文明,更加和谐。
--《小议“慎独”》
关于议论文结尾的多种多样,却也没有固定的模式。只要能够深化主题,使文章结构紧凑,完整严谨,表达有力,什么样的方式都可运用。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
①愿我们的社会在爱心和奉献里温暖亲密得就像一个“大家庭”,每个“我”都在这个大家庭里自由自在地幸福成长、生活、歌唱……--《论小与大的关系》
②让我们一起来学习他们,努力,努力,再努力,去迎接新的.挑战,夺取成功!
--《说“毅力”》
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