How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
这种震荡最终将达到何种程度,今天无法预料也许它根本没有最终。它对教育已经产生的影响,人们评价各异,褒贬不一。比如,对于学生接触网络的现象,有人认为这是素质教育应该提倡的,并将其视为信息时代教育改革的必然结果;但是相当多的人却认为这会影响学生的正常学习,而且网络上不健康的信息将有害于学生的成长。具体到语文教学上,我注意到这样一种有意思的现象,一些教师一方面赶时髦似的将电脑多媒体技术生搬硬套地强加到语文教学中以体现其现代教育气息,而一方面对学生上网忧心忡忡,甚至竭力反对,担心学生网络技术在一天天增强的同时各种能力却在弱化(比如不再接触社会生活,不再读经典名著,传统书写和写作技能下降等等),于是呼吁要让学生的语文学习回归传统。
网络时代如何进行语文教学?
语文教学离不开对学生进行读写训练,而读写又离不开生活中的人际交往和交流。古人说:读书破万卷,下笔如有神。又说:读万卷书,行万里路。这正是说的读写与交往的关系。因此,多年来我们提倡学生多读多写并走向生活,的确是符合语文学习的特点的,而且这个特点至今仍然未变。但是,在互联网技术发展到今天,我们应该思考语文教学如何在保持其特点的同时又体现出鲜明的时代性,并随时代的发展而发展。否则,固守被僵化了的所谓传统必然取消语文教学本身。
互联网的发展是不可抗拒的`,它对学生的诱惑更是难以抵御的。我们应该对此加以研究,对学生进行引导,最大程度地发挥其积极因素并限制其消极影响。我认为,对语文教学而言,网络将带来阅读方式、写作方式和交往方式的革命,我们应该将这种革命融入新一轮语文教学改革,使语文教学获得新的生命力。
网络将带来阅读方式的革命。传统的阅读方式是书籍阅读,阅读的过程更强调朗读、吟诵和咀嚼,在这样的阅读中获取精神养料,提高读写能力,所谓熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。但熟读唐诗三百首得有个前提,就是不学数理化,不学外语,也没有电影、电视、电脑等现代娱乐方式和媒体的诱惑。而今天的孩子正处在这中诱惑的包围之中,这正是孩子们今天语文学习和我们进行语文教学必须面对的现实条件。如何在有限的时间里获取更多的有用信息?这是网络时代给我们提出的课题,也是网络对阅读方式提出的挑战。与传统阅读相比,网络阅读不仅仅是阅读载体发生了变化,而还具有信息多、内容新和阅读速度快的特点。面对网络,读者更多的不是诵读,而是选择。我当然不是说要用网络阅读完全代替传统阅读,如果这样也是很可怕的,因为这就将意味着传统的中断乃至终结。但是,我们在继续对学生进行传统阅读训练的同时,也应该主动指导学生正确地进行网络阅读。在网络阅读中,传统过程中的、资料卡片、圈点勾画等等方式都已经不需要了,而网络阅读有着其自身的一套方法。如何选择需要的信息?如何搜索相关的主题?如何在众多的信息中辨析有用的信息?如何在电脑上编辑储存这些信息?等等。这都需要教师对学生进行指导和训练。现在许多教师的语文教学都在进行研究性阅读的尝试,而网络阅读则为研究性阅读提供了极好的条件。
网络将带来写作方式的革命。写作需要真情实感,而真情实感源于对生活的感受和思考,这一写作原则我想永远也不会变。但网络时代的写作方式却发生了革命性的变化。这个变化,首先体现在书写工具上,由以往的纸笔相触变成键盘操作;其次体现在写作过程中,以往写作中的酝酿、草稿、修改等程序在电脑上可能完全被打破或重新排序;再次体现在文本形式上,由过去的手稿或印刷品变成了网络页面、电子邮件或软盘,人工字迹不复存在。由于这些特点,电脑(网络)写作在速度上大大优于传统写作方式。也许书写方式的变革远不止这些,但仅仅是这几点,就应该引起语文教师的关注。我们应该指导学生如何进行电脑(网络)写作,让他们能够得心应手地运用现代媒体技术表达自己的思想感情。根据我的教学,我认为,网络写作给语文教学带来的最大优势,是教师对学生的批改更加便捷而直观。过去传统的作文批改方式,是教师在学生交上的作文本上修改批语,这不但加重了教师的工作负担,而且效率很低,效果还不一定很好。现在,我们可以让学生交软盘,然后在多媒体教室里,把任何一位学生的文章展现在所有学生的电脑显示器上,让所有学生参与作文批改。另外,不少人对学生的网上用语很是忧虑,担心造成语言文字污染。我认为,语言是用来交际的,特定环境下使用特定的语义符号,只要不影响思想交流,就应该予以宽容。如果这些文字妨碍了交流,自然会被淘汰。
网络将带来交往方式的革命。语文离不开交往,因为语文本身就是人类最重要的交际工具,语文只有在交往中才有意义,才有生命。今天,我们对交往方式的理解不应该太狭隘,以为只有同一时空面对面的交往才是交际。古人曾把秀才不出门,能知天下事视为一种理想的境界,而在互联网时代,这已经不是少数人才能达到的境界了。近年来,许多网上生存实验的成功,已经证明个人与社会的交往形式可以不以物理空间的转换为必要条件。语文教学应该正视交往方式的变革,对学生进行正确的引导。比如,对于网上聊天,现在人们往往只看到其副作用,而不知道,这些副作用恰恰是我们由于没有加以引导、放任自流才产生的。许多人对网络虚拟世界存在着误解,以为虚拟世界的一切都是虚拟的,是不真实的。其实,以我的感受,虚拟世界除了交往者之间的身份姓名等因素可能是虚假的之外,思想感情往往(注意,我说的是往往)是很真实的。因为消除了任何心理障碍,没有了任何直接的利益关系,心灵之间的交流反而变得纯洁而透明起来。另外,网络所带来的交往方式的革命还体现在师生关系上,过去在传统的语文课堂上,无论教师如何强化自己的民主平等意识,站在讲台上的教师和坐在下面的学生这种客观的布局,就很难让师生之间真正有一种平等对话的关系。而在网上,每一个终端都是一个交往主体,电脑之间信息交换实际上是人与人之间的交往,这就使师生之间的交往成了真正平等的主体之间的交往。
网络所带来的阅读方式、写作方式和交往方式的革命已经并且还将继续引起语文教学的革命。语文教师不应该无视这一趋势,而应积极地迎接这一挑战,以推动语文教学事业的发展。最后,我还想强调的是,网络给语文教学所带来的主要是方式上(技术上、形式上)的变革,而非内容和精神的变革,更不是要将语文教学导向技术化的工具主义。虽然,它可能也会影响到语文教学的内容,而且也必然会丰富我们的教学手段,但作为一门人文学科,语文教学所蕴含的语文素质(包括知识、能力、思想、精神、人格、信念等等),则是不会变的;而语文教育的宗旨通过语文对学生进行人格教育,进而推动社会文明的进步,则依然是我们永远的追求。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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