这一类型的读书笔记是欣赏作品的同时用自己的语言进行评析。它有利于提高学生的审美能力、思辨能力和逻辑能力。主要有评析法。所谓评析法是指把读书时对摘记要点的认识、疑问、意见、评论与自己产生的启发、创见、顿悟、灵感结合起来写,既可以寻章摘句,也可以质疑问难,抒发一己之见。一般采用夹叙夹议的写法,叙是议的依据。总的来说,不受内容和字数的限制,不讲篇章结构,既可以大发议论,成段成文,也可以点到为止,三言两语。
从意义方面评析,如:
“人生,治学,亦如游山,要有出众的成就,须立志穷极险远,即使不达顶峰,尽吾志者也可无怨无艾了。生命给每个人只有一次,有志者才可以让生命之花常开不败。衣带渐宽终不悔,有志者才能经受风雨人生。不懈进取。”评析:所摘两段是关于“有志”的感慨,它让“我”明白怎样为自己伟大的目标而努力,而奋斗,成功了是一种壮美,而失败了,也要会心一笑,不气馁,回过头来,前进前进再前进。
从语言形式方面评析,如:
“欣赏高山自然会在高山的巍峨中找到强悍和凝重;欣赏大树,自然会在大树的伟岸中获得自立和尊严;欣赏小草,自然会在小草的葳蕤中汲取执著与希望”。(《欣赏》)评析:这组排比句,语势强烈,对欣赏的底蕴阐述得十分深刻,读来既有音韵的感觉,又让人在思想上深受启迪。
对作品的欣赏评价可以从内容和形式两方面入手。前者侧重对思想的启发和情感上的熏陶,后者侧重对写作技巧的借鉴。无论从哪处着手,关键是写出自己对作品的认识,有感而发,有理而评。
亲爱的爸爸:
您好!我有一件事情想跟您说。
前几天放学,我要您给我买一套80元的英语光盘,您答应了。
过了两个星期左右,您问我:“英语光盘你看过了没有?”“看过一次,第二次不知怎么的,放不了。”我回答。“在哪看的?”您问。“房间。”您睁大眼睛望着我,心想:这女儿才这么小,这么快就学会说谎了。您发火了,骂道:“房间放光盘的东西坏了,怎么还能放来看呢?”我本来想跟您解释我理解错了,可是您又接着骂:“你是在浪费我的钱!学校一有什么东西卖,就说要买,买了又不看!”当我想跟您心平气和的解释时,您已经进了房间,关上了门。
事后,我沉思了很久。常常想:您给我买的所有课外书,我都看完了,为什么说买了我不看?其实,我真的有看过一次,是在同学家看的。我只是理解错了,以为您问我在哪里放不到,有空就帮我修。
又过了几个星期,我终于把整件事情想通了。当时我很想跟您说对不起,但是我怕事情过去都有一个月了,您可能已经忘记了此事,所以我怕再跟您说这事,您又发火。
往后的生活,我一直都过得不安稳,怕您突然之间又发火了。
您的性格,我有点不太能接受,就是您一遇到一点儿不满意的事,就要发大火,一连骂人半天,为什么不能问清楚整件事情的过程,然后冷静处理呢?经常发脾气的人,可不长寿哦!我希望您能改。
我希望爸爸您看了这封信后,能够理解我,对不起!您能原谅我吗?
祝
身体健康 工作顺利
您的女儿:陈欣彤
20xx年6月11日
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
钓鱼
昨天,我的妈妈,带我去了义乌密林中的一个山庄,叫做麒麟山庄。在那里,有着一口十分清澈的湖,在湖的边上有着一排又一排的石凳,在石凳上坐着一位头发斑白的老爷爷他以自己高超的技术,捕捉到了好多的鱼。
看到河水清澈见底,水清鱼跃,也许老爷爷今天一定想要钓几条活蹦乱跳的鱼回去。老爷爷,拿着钓竿,在钓竿的钩子上,钩上一只蚯蚓,然后,用力的一抛杆,一根短短的彩色的.杆子,随着钓钩,飞到了同一个地方,那根五彩的杆子,直直的竖立在水中,好象水中有一个人,正在用那一根杆子呼吸呢!
在水中的那一根五彩的杆子,突然,上下上下不停的在剧烈的摆动,我十分高兴,在石凳上跳了起来,大叫:“有鱼上钩了,有鱼上钩了!”我拿起放在一边地上的网子,要上去帮老爷爷的忙,可就我这一惊一吓,把老爷爷差一点要上钩的鱼给吓跑了!我十分后悔,我还以为老爷爷他会来骂我,所以,我一直低着头不感抬头,可老爷爷十慈祥和的说:“有没有什么了不起,下一次不这样不就行了!”我很感动地说了一声:“对不起!”
过了一会,又有一条大鱼上钩了,这鱼的劲好大,力的把鱼拉了过来,我马上上去接,终于,捞到了一条大的鲫鱼,凭着我和爷爷的一下把老爷爷拉的向前栽了一大步,老爷爷失去了重心,大惊失色,差一点就被拉进水里。老爷爷马上大叫:“来快来捉住它!”我大步流星,马上冲到了老爷爷前,老爷爷用完美的配合,又几次抓到大鱼,
一共8条,6条大鱼,2条小鱼,这是我和爷爷两个人一起努力的结晶。
我会记住这美好而又快乐的一件事!
天色渐渐地暗了下去,我们提着满满的一网“战利品”回家了。晚上,我喝着妈妈烧的鱼汤,心理美滋滋的,我想到:自己和老爷爷一起努力的劳动成果真好吃得不得了!
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