Last Sunday we went to the countryside. There was golden wheat all over the fields/The fields were covered with golden wheat. Large and colourful apples and pears were hanging on the trees. We could see some peasants were busy getting in the crops in the fields,and others were picking fruits under the trees. All the baskets were full of lovely fruits. It was also the fruit of the peasants'labour."No pains,no gains."What a magnificent/beautiful picture(it was!It seemed as if we were wandering in a splendid/wonderful world.
I love autumn. I love the harvest time.
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
内蒙古是一个接近天堂的地方,从小时读到“天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草地现牛羊,”这样的诗句时就想去感受一下草原。终于在7月13日这天我们来到了内蒙古锡林郭勒大草原,亲自感受到了草原的辽阔和壮美。
下了车,天空湛蓝,让我不由得想到一句诗“天似穹庐,笼盖四野”,周围的静谧像是能听到自己的呼吸声,抬头望去看不到边,天空纯净而疏淡,空中飘着的朵朵白云,犹如一朵朵棉花糖漂浮在空中,仔细观察每一朵云彩,形态各异,似众鸟飞跃,似万马奔腾。看,那朵云彩不见了,瞧,这片云朵消失了,云朵真是个淘气的孩子,时不时的.和我们玩起了捉迷藏,总是千变万化,若隐若现。
下午,我们来到了一望无际的大草原。细看每株小草碧绿而坚韧,饱满而亮泽,就像绿色的卫士一样坚强,守护着草原,让内蒙古的草原变得更加生机勃勃。用手抚摸小草,有点扎手,再嗅嗅,一股青草独特的香味扑面而来,踩在脚下犹如踩在碧绿的地毯上,软绵绵的,伴着草原的风,心情无比愉悦,真想在草原这张大床上打几个滚。远处,绵羊,牛群点缀在上面,与天空的白云交相辉映,就像画家所描绘的图画一般。偶尔还有牧羊人一边挥舞着鞭子,一边骑着骏马看守羊群,皮鞭声,羊叫声,好不热闹。草原的风是凉爽的,走到哪里都是透骨的凉气,草原的空气是清新的,没有污浊,没有气味,就像是一座天然的大氧吧。
傍晚,我们来到了蒙古包内,蒙古包一排一排的,就像一把把巨伞散落在广袤的大草原上。进去之后,墙上悬挂着成吉思汗的画像,我还亲眼目睹了蒙古人“***羊”的过程,虽然场面有点残忍,我也不忍心看到,但这也是蒙古的一种仪式,一大特色,也算是见识到了蒙古人的豪爽和草原民族的不一样的习俗吧,过了一会,主人把一盘盘羊肉端了上来,我有点于心不忍,但还是拿一块品尝了一下它的味道。
黑夜降临了,我们依依不舍的离开了蒙古包。“一代天骄,成吉思汗,只识弯弓射大雕”,我似乎感觉到成吉思汗瞭望台上的那位草原霸主依然威风的做着敖包,搭着路标,眺望着远处连绵不断的山峦,耳边似乎响起无数位英雄好汉踏破铁蹄征服过这茫茫草原的声响,真期待下一次的内蒙古之行,再来领略你的风采!
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
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