如何学习英语作文和工作平衡【一】
分析范文或优秀作文是我们学好写作的第一步。不要小看任何的优秀小短文，那其中一定有需要你掌握的内容。To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界，
一花一天堂，
手中即无限，
永恒亦短暂。
如何学习英语作文和工作平衡【二】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的`一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型
1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法
1.例证法
Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people、自由派(liberal people和温和派(moderate people,并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
I like having a twin sister. When she's happy, I'm happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she's going to say. Sometimes, I know what she's thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
Exercises
例１ 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤，写一篇短文，说明他是任何学会骑自行车的．
参考词汇： handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座
Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.
例2
请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁．
内容提示如下：
1. 在售票处（booth购买辅币（token需30便士．
2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔（slot，你就可以走下地铁．
3. 在站台等车时，要站在白线以外．注意你要去的方向．不要站错站台．
4. 上下车应迅速，因为车门关闭很快．地铁内规定不准吸烟．
注意：短文的意思要连贯． 字数：100个左右．
If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.
例3
家用电脑体积下，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏． 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助． 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文． 字数120左右．
A Family Computer
A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by
computers.
例 4
请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文，说明保护森林的必要性．
1. 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活．
2. 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾．
3. 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等等．
字数：100左右．
As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.
Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.
We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.
例 5
根据下表格提供的信息，请你推荐两本学中文的词典．
Dear Steve,
I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.
Yours, Li Yua
如何学习英语作文和工作平衡【三】
安东尼·罗宾认为：每个人心中都有一个巨人，那就是你身体内的无限潜能!如何唤醒孩子心中的小巨人，激发孩子学习的潜能呢?那就是永远使孩子乐于去做你所建议的事。
让学生乐于去学习，并完成任务，不应该来自教师的强迫。每个人从内心来讲，都喜欢指挥他人而不是听命于人。我们安排学习任务时，最主要的就是要激发学生学习的强烈需求。每个学生都是一个独立的个体，作为一个教师，在教学过程中，要针对孩子的个性进行区别教学，要面向全体学生，更要让学生喜欢上你的课，喜欢你，让孩子像花儿向往阳光一样，迫不及待的希望在你所教的学科里有所成就，有所收获。这就要求我们教师在备课时，努力在教材中寻找学生感兴趣的东西，让学生主动学习，亲自去发现某种东西，并让他们把知识运用到生活实际中，学生收获到了知识，也到了成功的快乐。那么，学生对以后知识的获取会变得更加有兴趣，更能激发他们学习的***。
让孩子乐于学习，要消除学生学习时的恐惧感。我教学以来，与学习困难的学生有过很多次沟通，通过交流发现有的孩子不愿意学习的原因。主要就是：他们对学习充满恐惧，每当学习新知识，还没有开始学习，就已经在担心自己能否学会，带着对自己的强烈怀疑去学，效果就可想而知了。课堂提问时不敢开口，害怕回答错了，同学笑话，老师批评。学生过分的担心自己学不好，导致产生恐惧，而恐惧则使孩子学会回避、躲藏，而不是迎接挑战，不畏困难。
孩子对学习的恐惧情绪主要来源于缺乏自信。学生缺乏自信，害怕做不好一件事，因而划地自限，使无限的潜能化为有限的成就。孩子在学习上的不自信，对自己的怀疑，限制了本身的潜力，就象一颗明珠蒙上了灰尘。我们所需要做的就是，抹去灰尘，让明珠发出灿烂的光辉。树立孩子的信心，使他们对自己充满自信，在这时就显得尤为重要。首先，作为一个教师要做到永不对学生失望，决不吝啬自己的表扬和鼓励。学生在成功时需要教师的表扬，在失败时更需要教师的安慰和鼓励。对于孩子来说，我们在他们取得一些成功时，适时的赞许或者一个微笑都会使他们更自信，自信自己一定能做的更好。当孩子失败时，老师的一声鼓励，会让孩子重新振作起来。其次，教师要了解每个学生，善于给他们展示自己才能的机会，让他们在同伴面前大显身手，让他们体会到成功的喜悦，也就增强了自信心。所有的孩子都有自己的舞台，他们之所以还没有表现出来，一个主要的原因就是缺乏自信，一旦这些孩子找到自信，他们一定会发出自己灿烂的光来。
激发孩子的潜能，让他们乐于去学习，还要多关注学生，不因对一个孩子成绩的失望，而把他忽视，每次提问都不理他，这样做足能扼***一个孩子的未来。在教学时，要使每一个学生感到自己一直都得到老师的关注，充分地调动学生学习的参与热情。比如，进行提问与小组活动时，要给予每个学生机会，对于学困生，只要他们能积极参与就表扬。当每个学生回答完问题后，老师还应及时予以正确的评价和鼓励，以提高他们的自信心。关注学生还要在生活中多关心他们，教学以来我发现，孩子也有自己的世界，他们也有自己生活的圈子，父母，老师，朋友都对他们有很大的影响，有时在我们看来很小的一件事，就会对一个孩子有很大的影响。比如：父母的责骂、与朋友的争吵，心爱玩具的损坏等，都可以让他们在很长时间里无所适从，这时就要求我们细心地发现他们的小悲伤，并及时的开导，让孩子回到快乐的轨道中来。
激发孩子学习的潜能，我们作为一个教师，一定要全身心的投入到教育工作中，爱学生，关心学生。告诉学生，他们有自己的潜能，有自己的优势，可以做到他们想做的所有事，给他们希望。我实在想不到，唤醒孩子心中的潜能，让他们也可以达到光辉的未来，有比给他们希望更重要的了。
如何学习英语作文和工作平衡【四】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
如何学习英语作文和工作平衡【五】
11月19日下午我收到了杨校长送我的一本书，书名为《王金战能才方案学习哪有那么难》。收到这本书让我感到既惊喜又意外，杨校长每天早出晚归，工作那么忙，心里还想着学校哪些老师的孩子上高中了，帮我们推荐适合我们阅读的书籍，真是让我太感动、太感谢了，所以这本书我读得很认真。
读了这本书让我受益匪浅。今年我的女儿上高中了，我认为上高中学习就是孩子自己的事情，我们父母每天只是接送孩子，给她吃饱穿暖，做好后勤部长就行了。虽然每天看着孩子学习压力比较大，也帮不上什么忙，只能心里着急，没什么办法。但读了王老师的书，让我很震撼，很感动。王老师是一名非常优秀的老师， 教学经验非常丰富，能根据各个学生的特点，实行他特有的教学方法，让每个学生都能发挥自己的潜能，扬长弊端，让人非常佩服。
实践证明，创设良好的学习环境，不仅有利于聋生熟练掌握并正确运用语言，而且极大地激发了他们学习的积极性，对待学习，他们变得更大胆了，更勇敢了。
以上就是我结合自己的教学实践谈的一点粗浅的感受。人是在不断进步的，有了这些好书的陪伴，有了知识的营养，我相信，只要认真去做教育的有心人，就一定能让学生幸福地享受学习，从而爱上学习。
