To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
人类的发明——来自动物的灵感船和潜艇来自人们对鱼类和海豚的模仿。科学家根据火野猪的鼻子测毒的奇特本领制成了世界上第一批防毒面具。火箭升空利用的是水母、墨鱼反冲原理。科研人员通过研究变色龙的变色本领,为部队研制出了不少军事伪装装备。科学家研究青蛙的眼睛,发明了电子蛙眼。美国空军通过毒蛇的“热眼”功能,研究开发出了微型热传感器。人类还利用蛙跳的原理设计了蛤蟆夯(hang。人类模仿警犬的高灵敏嗅觉制成了用于侦缉的“电子警犬”。
仿生与高科技现代的雷达,一种无线电定位和测距装置:科学家研究发现蝙蝠魔不是靠眼睛,而是靠嘴、喉和耳朵组成的回声定位系统。因为蝙蝠魔在飞行时发出超声波,又能觉察出障碍物反射回来的超声波。科学家据此设计出了现代的雷达——一种无线电定位和测距装置…科学家通过对海豚游泳阻力小的研究发明了能提高鱼雷航速的人工海豚皮;以及模仿袋鼠在沙漠运动形式的无轮汽车(跳跃机等。前苏联科学院动物研究所的科学家在企鹅王的启示下,他们设计了一种新型汽车--“企鹅王”牌极地越野汽车。这种汽车的宽阔的底部,直接贴在雪面上,用轮勺撑动着前进,行驶速度可达50公里/小时。科学家模仿昆虫制造了太空机器人。澳大利亚国立大学的一个科研小组通过对几种昆虫的研究,已经研制出一个小型的导航和飞行控制装置。这种装置可以用来装备用于火星考察的小型飞行器。
人们根据蛙眼的视觉原理,已研制成功一种电子蛙眼。这种电子蛙眼能像真的蛙眼那样,准确无误地识别出特定形状的物体。把电子蛙眼装入雷达系统后,雷达抗干扰能力大大提高。这种雷达系统能快速而准确地识别出特定形状的飞机、舰船和导弹等。特别是能够区别真假导弹,防止以假乱真。
电子蛙眼还广泛应用在机场及交通要道上。在机场,它能监视飞机的起飞与降落,若发现飞机将要发生碰撞,能及时发出警报。在交通要道,它能指挥车辆的行驶,防止车辆碰撞事故的发生。
人们模拟海蛰感受次声波的器官,设计成功精确的“水母耳”仪器。它由喇叭、接受次声波的共振器和把这种振动转变为电脉冲的转换器以及指示器组成。将这种仪器安装在船的前甲板上,喇叭做360°旋转。当它接收到8赫兹-13赫兹的次声波时,旋转自动停止,喇叭所指示的方向,就是风暴将要来临的方向。指示器还可以告诉人们风暴的强度。这种仪器,可提前15小时左右预报风暴。
对鲎行为影响最大的是两侧的`复眼。受光束照射后,复眼产生脉冲。一只眼受光束照射,一只眼产主脉冲;两只眼同时受光束照射,两只眼同时产生脉冲,但比光束照射一只眼时产生的脉冲的频率略低些。人类受其启示,研制成功一种电子模拟装置,能解10个元素构成的网络方程,应用这个原理制成的电视摄影机,能在激光下提供清晰度较高的电视影象。
没有大自然就没有我们这个美丽的地球,让我们手拉手来保护大自然,保护地球。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
A tiger is a kind of catamount animal. It looks like a cat, but much bigger than a cat. A tiger is very ferocious and it eats mainly meat. It has yellow and black streaks all over its body and it looks very beautiful. Its tail is long and strong and it can hit its quarry dying.
Tigers live in the thick forests and small animals in the forests are tigers' food.
During the past years, many forests have been cut down and the living conditions of the tigers are becoming worse and worse. There are fewer tigers left in the world now. Tigers are the animals of the world, and they should have their own living spaces. We must do our best to protect the tigers and their living environment.
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