1、直接法,就是在记叙的基础上直接抒发自己对事物的思想感情。
2、渗透法,就是将自己的情感寄于景,寄于人,寄于事,在叙述描写的字里行间渗透感情。
“以我之情观万物,万物皆着我色”,情感不同,所描写的景物就不同,以情染景,情景交融,把所表达的情感寄寓在所描写的景物之中,通过描写景物予以抒发。如作文《那脚印,那亲情……》的结尾:“昏暗的路灯下,雪还在飞舞着。我杲呆地注视着雪地上那渐渐向远处延伸的脚印。这脚印,与其说印在雪地上,倒不如说烙在我的心坎上。这一行脚印,越来越远,脚印的尽头,父亲的背影也愈来愈小……”作者宛如一位画家,寥寥几笔,以景带情,渲染出一幅父爱的图画。
因为……所以……,由于……因此……,既然……那么……
接下来请欣赏《六国论》中一段精彩论述:
六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦。赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也。或曰:“六国互丧,率赂秦耶?”曰:“不赂者以赂者丧,盖失强援,不能独完。故曰‘弊在赂秦’也!”
此段论述,作者仅仅用了一个关联词语“故”却体现出严密的逻辑思维,让人无懈可击。作者开头就指出中心论点“六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦。赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也”,但也有几个国家并非如此,于是作者就退一步提出“不赂者以赂者丧,盖失强援,不能独完”的'分论点,最后用一“故”字做出因果判断,让人信服。
其实我们不难发现,在运用关联词语的本身就是在说理,而此种说理不是材料的简单罗列堆砌,而是通过严密逻辑思维或假设、或因果推断、或条件推断来阐述自己要表达的观点。鲁迅先生的杂文是极富逻辑思辨的,《灯下漫笔》可见一斑:
任凭你爱排场的学者们怎样铺张,修史时候设些什么“汉族发祥时代”“汉族发达时代”“汉族中兴时代”的好题目,好意诚然是可感的,但措辞太绕弯子了。有更直截了当的说法在这里——
一,想做奴隶而不得的时代;
二,暂时做稳了奴隶的时代。
这一种循环,也就是“先儒”之所谓“一治一乱”;那些作乱人物,从后日的“臣民”看来,是给“主子”清道辟路的,所以说:“为圣天子驱除云尔。”现在入了那一时代,我也不了然。但看国学家的崇奉国粹,文学家的赞叹固有文明,道学家的热心复古,可见于现状都已不满了。然而我们究竟正向着那一条路走呢?百姓是一遇到莫名其妙的战争,稍富的迁进租界,妇孺则避入教堂里去了,因为那些地方都比较的“稳”,暂不至于想做奴隶而不得。总而言之,复古的,避难的,无智愚贤不肖,似乎都已神往于三百年前的太平盛世,就是“暂时做稳了奴隶的时代”了。
区区几段文字,却连用了好几个关联词语,并列、转折、因果,说理层层递进,不乏辛辣讽刺。
在平时训练的时候,我们不妨多多开动脑筋,不要简单去思考问题,而要多问几个为什么,想想前因后果,懂得迂回曲折,思维的成熟是离不开思考的。记得,一次课上我要学生用关联词词语写一段有关“弯曲”的语句,一位女生写道:
人生当中,比我们强大的对手不胜枚举,所以适当的弯曲有时也是一种明智的选择。弯曲不是耻辱和无能,不是阿谀逢迎、摧眉折腰,而是让我们了悟身后还有另一条路可以选择,这是一种人生境界。
此段话,貌似简短,其实却包涵了思辨色彩,读来令人深思。
最后请欣赏湖北高考满分作文《大隐隐于市》:
古人有言:小隐隐于山,大隐隐于市。
在我们的印象中,只是仙人道士必傍山而居,不闻世事。蔡志忠曾以漫画对此作了解释:仙,“人”在“山”旁则为仙;“山”中之“人”真仙也。看来,
古时造字便点明了其中真意。
傍山而居,和山水融为一体,这本来就是不食人间烟火的象征,偏又练就一身道行,渗透了无尽禅意,方才以道入土,归隐于山。千百年来,文人墨客莫不对此动了凡心。其中,陶渊明便是这样一个典型,当他一篇《桃花源记》出世,那颗厌倦仕途,向往幻想中的桃花源的心也就出世了。是的,他想要的是归隐,是闲适,是宁静的生活,可是如果不是官场失意,怀才不遇,桃花源这么一个避难所就要永远与他绝缘,并远离世俗而绝迹于他未来纯朴的生活。
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
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