I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
有一天,小明拿着两个陶瓷盘子去装西瓜,是为了招待来他家玩的小强。结果,地上有水,小明为了保持平衡不摔跤,一不小心就把陶瓷盘子摔烂了。他们两个人非常着急,把妈妈的陶瓷盘子摔烂了,应该怎么办?
小明正要把摔烂的陶瓷盘子扔到垃圾桶,站在一旁的小强说:“等一下,我们可以好好利用这两个陶瓷盘子,把它们变废为宝。”小明想了想:也可以,要不然摔坏妈妈的陶瓷盘子,妈妈也会心痛,把他们变废为宝还有用。于是他们想:把陶瓷盘子用来做什么好呢?小强突然跳起来高兴的对着小明说:“我们可以比赛在陶瓷盘子上画画,看谁画得好,怎么样?”小明想了想,兴奋的说:“好吧,我们可以把他们变为装饰品。”
于是,小强就迫不及待的去小明的书桌上拿了水彩和笔。他们想了想,不知道应该画什么。小强看了看两个陶瓷盘子的形状像鱼,就说:“我们画鱼吧!”说着,他们就拿起画笔画了起来。
画完了,他们把自己画好的鱼挂在墙上,他们互相看了看对方的作品,觉得都很不错,小明说:“这一次就算我们打了一个平手,下一次绝对要分出胜负来!”
妈妈回到了家,看到了他们画的鱼,不但没有骂他们,还表扬了他们,说:“你们这样废物利用非常环保,没有用的东西又有它的利用价值了!”
珠山公园背倚珠山,面对波光粼粼的云龙湖,公园内绿树成荫,树木葱茏,她犹如一颗明珠点缀在云龙湖边。
停车步入公园,首先映入眼帘的是鹤鸣台,它坐落在云龙湖边,上面立着一个巨大的道教标志。相传,徐州道教的创始人张道陵就在这里修道。继续向前走,便是百草坛,据说,古时候徐州疾病流行,张道陵便在这里制出消除疾病的草药,使百姓安居乐业。在这里漫步,闻着淡淡的花香,让人沉醉其中。
距离百草坛不远处便是天师岭,岭上的瀑布沿着绵羊石垒成的水道弯弯曲曲的缓缓流淌下来。看上去,还真有几分像羊群在饮水呢。虽是初春,水有些凉,但这仍然挡不住孩子们嬉水的冲动,他们脱去鞋袜,纷纷跳入水中,撩起水相互嬉戏,开心地叫着,笑着。瀑布最下方的水潭中,种植着水葫芦、美人蕉等水生植物,更添了几分野趣。
整个景区最有趣的莫过于下沉廊道了。步入其中,犹如步入了水底世界。鱼儿有的在你身边游弋,不停地朝你张张嘴,似乎有悄悄话要对你说,有的吐出一串泡泡,有的停玻璃上一动也不动,似乎在思考什么,有的朝你挥动鱼鳍,似乎在向你打招呼……
啊,珠山公园,我爱你那优美的风景和动人的传说。
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