记得黑格尔似曾有关于传统的论述,黑氏认为规则与传统有相似之处,即其均为众人遵守且随时代的沿革而有存有改,即其论述中所提到的“传统与规则都有膨胀的属性。”
在我看来黑氏所言甚当,世易时移万物万事岂有不改之理。
时间无限历史不息,世间万物的内部矛盾所推动变更不止,且又相承相续,唯其相承相继才有了“天行有常”的启示,唯其变更不止故而少不了人们心智的相应的变化,自有规则的一天起改规则也就相应地发生,上古至今可有一规则通古今的,可有一教化常用常准的',即若有也必为今后之时代所更易,定无永存之理。
然而我也不能仅以自己的判定而否认了规则的永存,判定犹出于主观而事实则无可争议。
本着治世不一道便国不法古的信念,商君以无所不为的勇气大更秦法,不但使秦国大为强盛,诛死六国,统我中国而为一,更是实现了社会形态的前进,其不为变法之效用则何?
综观古今中外,进步总是与变革相随的,而规则之更立则为其变革中之大举动,拿破仑于无名之中崛起,于战火中立身,既得法兰西国土更让其他国家臣服,其所急之事无他,唯更立规则,于是便有《拿破仑法典》等诸多新规则的颁步,仅此可称拿破仑氏为一智者,他深知欲进步则规则必不可存留,改立新规实为进步之大保障。
《易经》中早有“变则通”的道理,而其反面之一大例证则首推清王朝之以不变而亡,这便是墨守成规不思革新的恶果,实可诫而不可循。
如今我们加入世界贸组织,其借以优化我国市场秩序的绝佳机会,我国也深明此机遇,顺应时代,革新前进,必有通且久的效用。
自从人们以墨守为贬义词开始便是于对规则认识上的长足进步,不固守,思改进,倘求永存之规则,则可变之规则方为其规则是也。
Therearesomecherriesinthebasket.(一般疑问句,否定回答划线部分提问Kittylikesthebluedress.(用thepinkdress改为选择疑问句Don`tplaywithfires.(换一种说法
Joelikesreading.Dannylikesreadingtoo.(把两句连成一句Pleaseeatsomecakesandbiscuits.(改为否定句划线部分提问Thereissomewaterintheglass.(划线部分提问划线部分提问Whatdayistoday?
What`sthedatetoday?
Whatdoyouusuallydoafterdinner?
Whichpearsdoyouwant,thegreenonesortheyellownoes?Whichwesternholidaydoyoulikebest?Whenisit?
WhatdoyoudoattheLanternFestival?
5B2
Thosebooksareours.(同义句划线部分提问划线部分提问
ThosecrayonsareDanny`s.(.(用Alice改为选择疑问句Arethesetheirschoolbags?(单数句划线部分提问
Theyridetheirbicyclestothepark.(用May改写
Thecocooniswhite.(用browng改为选择问句划线部分提问Heisfouryearsold.(改为一般过去时
Iwasathomeyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句
Thecaterpillarslikeeatingleaves.(改为单数句划线部分提问划线部分提问
WhatdoyoueatattheMid-autumnFestival?(根据实际情况回答
Li Min works hard at English(李敏在英语这一科上很努力). When she came to the school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language.(当她刚来学校时,她在语言学习上遇到了困难) But she was not afraid of them and always tried hard to overcome them. (但是她不害怕,总是一直努力尝试去克服它们)She was active in class and did a lot of practice after class(她在课堂中积极表现,课后做大量练习). No pains, no gains(没有努力就没有收获).With great efforts she made much progress in English study.(通过她的.努力,也在英语学习上取得了很大的进步)
Li Min is modest and always ready to help others.(李敏是一个谦虚的人,她总是准备随时帮助别人) She is very strict with herself in her work and daily life.(她在工作上和日常生活里都严于律己) She sets us all a fine example.(她为我树立了一个好榜样)
考辅P42
1.IgaveTomthebook.//
2.Heboughthismothersomeflowers.//
3.Thebridgewasbuiltbyworkerslastyear.//
4.Wehavetofinishtheworktoday.//5.Hewilldohishomeworktomorrow.//
6.Wecleantheroomseveryday.//7.Thewriterspent3yearsonthebook.//
8.Itisabookwithalotofbeautifulpictures.//
9.Thebooksoldverywellduringthefirstweek.//firstweek.
10.Marywastheonlyoneintheoffice.//
11.Shefinishedherworkat10o’clock.//Shedidn’12.Shehadtotakeataxihomebecauseitwastoolate.
13.LizaandMikearrivedattheGreatWallintwohours.
14.Theywerehappytogettothetop.//
15.TheyenjoyedthemselvesontheGreatWall.//
16.ThepostmansentSusanandTommyapaperbox.
17.Theyopeneditandfoundapresentfromtheirfriend.
18.Theybothlikedthepresentandfeltveryhappy.
19.Alicedidn’tfeelwelltoday,soshewenttothehospital.
20.Thedoctoraskedhersomequestions.//
21.Thedoctordidn’tgiveheranymedicineintheend.
(全真1)
1.ThecapitalAirporthasbeeninusefor20years.//
2.ThecapitalAirportisthelargestoneinChina.//
3.Ihavenevertakenaplane.MyfriendLiPing,either.//
(全真2)
1.Fathergave$20formetobuysomebooks.//
2.IwasexcitedwhenIsawsomanygoodbooksinthebookstore.
3.ButsomebookswouldcostmorethanIhave.//
ButIdidn’//(全真3)
1.ManyChinesefriendswenttotheparty.2.Tonywasgivenalotofpresentsbyhisfriends.//Tony’
3.SeeinghisChineseteacheratthepartymadeTonyveryhappy.//(全真4)
1.Iwanttoeatsomething.//2.Therefrigeratorisempty.//3.Bobspentfifteenyuanonthehamburger.///(全真5)
1.Mr.Wangdoesn’tworkinthatfactoryanylonger.//
2.Mr.Wanglefthomeearlierinordertocatchthebus.3.Mr.Wangfindsitnoteasytogetalongwiththatyoungguy.//(专家1)
1.Manypeoplewentshoppingyesterday.
2.Janespent4hourstobuyNewyeargifts.//
3.Shewassotiredthatshecouldn’twalkanylonger.//
(专家2)
1.Myfriendssaidtome,“Areyoufree?”
2.Shewantedmetogoshoppingwithher.
3.Shethinksitapleasuretogoshoppingwithafriend.
Study is our student's personality.But many students will ask, why we must learn knowledge. Is knowledge so important to us?If we don't need to pass the exam, should we still need the knowledge?
As I am concerned, study is not only a personality of students, but also a personality of all people throughout their lives.People need to learn the knowledge whoever they are.If people don't learn knowledge, there will have no way to do things and become ignorant about world.Can you imagine a world that no people have knowledge?Leaving knowledge,the world would no get progress.If people don't learn knowledge, there will be no people to know how to use the computer ,how to write the news, even how to communicate with others.
So learning knowledge is a very important thing, it consists of our world.
(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
Li Min is our monitor.She is tall, healthy and lively.She does well in all subjects.She is fond of sports and is good at singing and dancing。
Li Min works hard at English. When she came to the school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language. But she was not afraid of them and always tried hard to overcome them. She was active in class and did a lot of practice after class. No pains, no gains.With great efforts she made much progress in English study.
Li Min is modest and always ready to help others. She is very strict with herself in her work and daily life. She sets us all a fine example.
我们的班长 李敏是我们的班长。她很高,健康活泼。她擅长所有科目。她喜欢运动,擅长唱歌和跳舞。 李敏的英语努力工作。当她来到学校,很多困难的'语言。但她不是怕他们,总是努力克服它们。她是活跃在课堂上和课后做大量的练习。一分耕耘。以极大的努力她在英语学习中取得了很大进步。 李敏是温和的,并且随时准备帮助别人。她对自己要求很严格在她的工作和日常生活。她为我们建立了一个很好的例子。
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