Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1、对说明对象及其特征的理解。
2、对说明方法的辨识与理解。
3、对说明顺序的分析与理解。
4、对文章、段落结构特点的分析。
5、对文意、层意、段意的概括。
6、对关键词语、重点句子含义及其表达作用的品析。
7、对段的表达作用的理解和分析。
8、对说明语言的准确性、科学性特点的。
9、进行与文段内容有联系的个性化表达。
下面就以几个考点为例作以分析。
(一整体感知说明内容,准确把握说明对象的特征。
所谓特征,就是指这一事物区别于其他事物的标志。无论是哪种类型的说明文,被说明对象的特征总是说明的核心。阅读事物说明文,要抓住被说明事物的特征,抓住了事物的特征,也就抓住了事物的.本质。阅读事理说明文,要抓住被说明事物本身所固有的,决定事物性质、面貌、发展的根本属性的东西,去理解事理的本质特征,要注意在通读全文的基础上,整体感知文章的大概内容,从中理解概括说明对象的特征。也可以抓住文章的中心句和关键性词语,准确地把握住事物的特征,要想准确地把握说明对象的特征,还应注意文章在说明事物或事理过程中,各个部分之间的联系,注意各个部分与被说明对象之间的联系,有些事物或事理可能不只具有一方面的特征,还要注意各个部分与事物特征之间的联系,再经过自己认真的思考分析,归纳总结出被说明事物的特征。
(二理解文章的层次关系,明确说明顺序
阅读说明文,理清文章的层次关系,明确说明的线索是进一步掌握说明顺序地关键一环。说明顺序主要有空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序三种,而逻辑顺序又可分为从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体、从现象到本质、从特点到用途等。空间顺序多用于说明建筑的构造。说明实体事物的形状、时间顺序多用于说明实体事物的建造过程、产品的生产过程、事物的发展演变过程、逻辑顺序多用于介绍事物的性质、种类原理功用和解释事理的本质的说明文。
洗星海生活在一个非常贫困的家庭,全家都靠打鱼为生,他一出生就没有了爸爸,和妈妈、外公相依为命。星海自小就很喜欢音乐,他用海螺、贝壳、破罐儿制成乐器,将自己只听过几遍的音乐用筷子敲打着发出很美妙的声音。后来星海非常想上学,他的妈妈曾便当手镯让他上学,可是他手当了同学们的欺负,是教书先生产生误会,而被开除。
天有不测风云,他外公出海丧生,这无疑是对他们雪上加霜。无奈之下,妈妈带着他去投奔亲戚,在姨妈的帮助下,星海又一次进入了学校,遇见了肖老师,从此勤学苦练,开始了他的音乐生涯,他边读书,边学习,终于成了一名著名音乐家,实现了他的梦想。
电影其中有一段台词让我记忆深刻,星海问肖老师;“音乐为什么那么伟大,音乐家为什么这么贫穷呢?”老师回答他的话说:“人得贫穷和富裕不是用金钱来衡量的精神也是财富。”我们想想,当你弥留之际的时候,你留在世上的金钱、权利、地位没有一样是可以带走的,唯有你在世界上创造出有价值的事物,才会永远留在世上,永垂不朽。“
看完这部影片后,我陷入了沉思。星海的'生活环境是那样的恶劣,而他却坚强不息,终于实现他的梦想。今天的我们是何等的幸福,我们的家舒适温暖,还有爸爸妈妈对我们精心的养育;我们的学校宽敞明亮,设施齐全,还有老师无微不至的关心与教育,但我们经常意志松懈,目标不明,因此,现在的我们要更加努力的学习,像洗星海一样做一个自强不息,有作为的人。
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