京剧言派创始人言菊朋,是蒙古族人,祖辈几代都是清王朝的武官。他在陆军贵胄学堂念书时就对京剧艺术特别有兴趣。毕业后,他在蒙藏学院某得了个小差事,收入很低,维持六口之家生活过得紧巴巴。可他千方百计要省出钱来去听戏。他特别爱看著名老生谭鑫培演的戏,不管是下瓢泼大雨还是大雪纷飞,他总是 脚踏钉鞋,手持雨伞,上戏院买张最便宜的票,潜心观摩谭鑫培的表演。十余年如一日,从不间断,他的足迹踏遍了北京城内各大戏院。
他不但刻苦、细心学习谭鑫培的表演艺术,而且还在学习别人的基础上不断创新,终于形成了自己的独特风格,在京剧界独树一帜,成为言派创始人。
张家界的“南天一柱”的绝伦惊险,直插云霄,令人惊叹不已。峰体造型奇特,垂直切割明显,仿若刀劈斧削般巍巍屹立于张家界,有顶天立地之势。“南天一柱”的命名,形象、直观、恰如其分地概括了此山的独特形态和险峻特色。“南天”隐隐还会让人想到中国神话传说中的“南天门”,平添了很多浪漫和神秘色彩,具有典型的东方文化色彩。
云雾缭绕、美丽壮观,山脉如在空中漂浮??这是《阿凡达》中的经典场景“哈里路亚山”。长达两个半小时的《阿凡达》科幻片中约有半个小时有以
张家界石英砂岩峰林为背景的“哈里路亚山”,这一中国元素让《阿》剧更富神秘感。张家界方面介绍,“南天一柱”就是《阿》剧里的“哈里路亚山”。
张家界旅游协会在1月19日下午专门召开了“借助《阿凡达》营销张家界”的小范围座谈会,其中包括“做好(证明南天一柱与悬浮山存在关联的技术工作,截图、时间、对比、精华贴和技术贴,做成铁证如山;张家界所有宣传品在改版时加上《阿凡达》的内容;给卡梅隆授予荣誉市民,给予全家终身免票待遇;和中影集团直接对接,开展某种程度的广告宣传工作”等。
此外,为了更好地利用美国科幻大片《阿凡达》促进张家界市旅游事业的发展,“张家界市旅游协会阿凡达主题游综合事务办公室”于1月21日宣布成立,简称“阿办”。
“阿办”的成立,标志着张家界市的旅游事业正式进入“阿凡达年”。推出“阿凡达潘多拉神奇之旅”“阿凡达哈里路亚山玄幻之旅”“阿凡达悬浮山神秘之旅”等多条旅游线路,景点囊括张家界的黄石寨、金鞭溪、袁家界等经典景区,但每条线路又各有自己的风格和特色。张家界一些人士在25日将风景区中的“乾坤柱”更名为“哈里路亚山”。《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,在张家界政府官网新闻中,“南天一柱”被确认更名为阿凡达“哈里路亚山”。此举引来各界关注和争议。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled “The Adaptation of the Classical Literature”. In the essay, you should (1 describe the picture (2 interpret its meaning (3 give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points?
The picture gives us a view of a popular phenomenon: the adaptation of the classics. Some classical literary works, such as our four great classics i.e. A Dream of Red Mansions, Journey to the West, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Heroes of the Marshes, are all adapted to cater to some readers’ tastes. The traditional characters become so strange and the plots are totally different. It is so ridiculous that the precious literary treasures are allowed to be ruined so much.
As we all know, the classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation. Some familiar characters such as Monkey King express the good wishes of our common people. From them, we learn many good virtues such as honesty, bravery, justice etc. However, in those adapted works named “Bantering***”or “Reboiling***”, all plots are changed and all characters become somewhat watered clown. Some readers interested in reading burlesque works have high praise for them. But they never think of the negative effects of such adaptations on the average reader, especially to children. Children are the future of the nation. They always believe that what is in the books is the truth. Those adapted works will affect their outlook on life.
Therefore, some measures should be taken to restrict these adaptations. The real classics should be presented on the bookshelves to lead people to appreciate the real art.
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
阿尔道夫。门采尔是世界著名的素描大师,他从13岁开始学绘画。一生共创作了一万五千多幅速写,七千多张素描。这些数量惊人的作品,都是他辛勤 劳动的结晶,他不管走到哪里,绘画工具总是随身带着,在大街小巷,乡村田野,河畔山顶,处处可以看到挥笔作画的身影。有人称他得了“缓画狂热症”,他听了很高兴地说:“希望此病是绝症。”
老革命家董必武喜欢书法,在繁忙的工作之余,勤于练字。他晚年的时候到户外活动总是拿着一根手杖。走累了,坐下来休息的时候,就以手杖当笔,在 地上练习写字,如果坐得高,干脆把手杖像握笔一样提着,在空中写划。
散步时,以手杖锻炼握笔、运笔的腕力。
由于董老的刻苦勤学,他的书法秀美、挺拔,人称“董体”。
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